56 pathways across 7 categories. Open any one for its full ordered reaction list, regulation table and clinical notes.
Muscle/RBC <-> liver
Open pathwayFructose is absorbed from the intestine and is metabolized chiefly in the liver by a pathway that converts it to triose phosphates. Hepatic fructolysis bypasses PFK-1, allowing ra…
Open pathwayGalactose metabolism converts dietary galactose, principally derived from lactose, into glucose-1-phosphate through the Leloir pathway. This permits galactose carbon to enter glyc…
Open pathwayGluconeogenesis synthesizes glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors, principally lactate, glucogenic amino-acid carbon skeletons (especially alanine), glycerol, and propionate-der…
Open pathwayMuscle <-> liver
Open pathwayGlycogenesis stores excess glucose as glycogen, a highly branched alpha-glucan that provides a rapidly mobilizable, osmotically economical glucose reserve. Liver glycogen buffers …
Open pathwayGlycogenolysis mobilizes glucosyl units from glycogen as glucose-1-phosphate, with limited free glucose released at branch points. In liver it maintains circulating glucose during…
Open pathwayGlycolysis is the cytosolic sequence that converts one molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate (or, when mitochondrial oxidation is limited, lactate), conserving energy a…
Open pathwayThe pentose phosphate pathway (PPP; hexose monophosphate shunt) diverts glucose-6-phosphate to generate NADPH and pentose phosphates. Its oxidative phase is irreversible and produ…
Open pathwayThe pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) oxidatively decarboxylates pyruvate to acetyl-CoA, coupling cytosolic glycolysis to the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. It i…
Open pathwayLens, retina, kidney, Schwann cells, seminal vesicle
Open pathwayLiver
Open pathway