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PW-055 Carbohydrate Metabolism Inter-organ cycle unreviewed

Cori Cycle (lactate shuttle)

Muscle/RBC glucose -> lactate Hepatic glucose (net cost 4 ATP equivalents)
Compartment
Cytosol (muscle) + liver
Main tissue
Muscle/RBC <-> liver
Rate-limiting
Not flagged in the source
Steps
2

Reaction steps

In source order, 2 total

showing 1–2
  1. 1

    Glucose -> 2 lactate + 2 ATP (muscle/erythrocyte)

    Glycolytic enzymes + lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) 1.1.1.27 ST-0379 Irreversible/directional NAD+
    In Glucose
    Out Lactate ATP
    › Notes

    Anaerobic ATP supply; regenerates cytosolic NAD+ so glycolysis can continue.

  2. 2

    Lactate -> pyruvate -> glucose (liver, 6 ATP equivalents)

    Lactate dehydrogenase (LDHB) + gluconeogenic enzymes 1.1.1.27 ST-0380 Irreversible/directional NAD+ ATP GTP
    In Lactate
    Out Pyruvate
    › Notes

    Net cost of 4 ATP equivalents per cycle, shifting the energy burden to liver. Metformin-associated and hypoxic lactic acidosis reflect failure of this arm.

Showing all 2 steps.

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