Skip to content
MS
Sign in
PW-048 Energy Metabolism & Cellular Respiration Transport (redox) unreviewed

Glycerol-3-Phosphate Shuttle

Cytosolic NADH Mitochondrial FADH2 (~1.5 ATP per NADH)
Compartment
Cytosol + inner mitochondrial membrane
Main tissue
Skeletal muscle, brown adipose tissue, brain
Rate-limiting
Not flagged in the source
Steps
2

Reaction steps

In source order, 2 total

showing 1–2
  1. 1

    Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + NADH + H+ -> glycerol-3-phosphate + NAD+

    Cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1) 1.1.1.8 ST-0358 Reversible NADH
    In Dihydroxyacetone phosphate NADH H+
    Out Glycerol-3-phosphate NAD+
    › Notes

    Cytosolic half of the shuttle.

  2. 2

    Glycerol-3-phosphate + FAD -> dihydroxyacetone phosphate + FADH2

    Mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD2) 1.1.5.3 ST-0359 Irreversible/directional FAD
    In Glycerol-3-phosphate FAD
    Out Dihydroxyacetone phosphate FADH2
    › Notes

    Faces the intermembrane space and feeds electrons to the Q pool, so each cytosolic NADH yields only ~1.5 ATP. Dominant in skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue.

Showing all 2 steps.

Recent literature

Live Europe PMC search

Load 10 most recent

Nothing is fetched until you ask, so the page stays fast and the request is yours rather than automatic.

Europe PMC · ten most recent, newest first