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PW-037 Lipid Metabolism Anabolic unreviewed

Phospholipid Synthesis (Kennedy / CDP pathways)

Choline/ethanolamine + DAG, or phosphatidic acid + CTP Phosphatidylcholine, PE, PI, PS
Compartment
ER / Golgi
Main tissue
All cells; lung type II (surfactant), liver
Rate-limiting
CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT)
Steps
6

Reaction steps

In source order, 6 total

showing 1–6
  1. 1

    Choline + ATP -> phosphocholine + ADP

    Choline kinase 2.7.1.32 ST-0305 Irreversible/directional ATP Mg2+
    In Choline ATP
    Out Phosphocholine ADP
    › Notes

    Dietary/salvaged choline is trapped by phosphorylation.

  2. 2

    Phosphocholine + CTP -> CDP-choline + PPi

    CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) 2.7.7.15 ST-0306 Irreversible rate-limiting CTP
    In Phosphocholine CTP
    Out CDP-choline PPi
    › Notes

    Rate-limiting step of phosphatidylcholine synthesis; regulated by reversible membrane association of CCT.

  3. 3

    CDP-choline + 1,2-diacylglycerol -> phosphatidylcholine + CMP

    CDP-choline:DAG cholinephosphotransferase 2.7.8.2 ST-0307 Irreversible/directional
    In CDP-choline Diacylglycerol
    Out Phosphatidylcholine CMP
    › Notes

    Principal route to phosphatidylcholine, the main membrane and surfactant phospholipid (DPPC).

  4. 4

    Phosphatidic acid + CTP -> CDP-diacylglycerol + PPi

    CDP-DAG synthase (CDS1/2) 2.7.7.41 ST-0308 Irreversible/directional CTP
    In Phosphatidic acid CTP
    Out CDP-diacylglycerol PPi
    › Notes

    Alternative activated intermediate used for the acidic phospholipids.

  5. 5

    CDP-diacylglycerol + inositol -> phosphatidylinositol + CMP

    Phosphatidylinositol synthase (CDIPT) 2.7.8.11 ST-0309 Irreversible/directional
    In CDP-diacylglycerol Inositol
    Out Phosphatidylinositol CMP
    › Notes

    PI is the precursor of PIP2, the substrate for phospholipase C signalling.

  6. 6

    Phosphatidylethanolamine + 3 SAM -> phosphatidylcholine + 3 SAH

    Phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) 2.1.1.17 ST-0310 Irreversible/directional SAM
    In Phosphatidylethanolamine S-adenosylmethionine (SAM)
    Out Phosphatidylcholine S-adenosylhomocysteine
    › Notes

    Hepatic salvage route to PC; a major consumer of SAM and a link to the methionine cycle.

Showing all 6 steps.

Recent literature

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Europe PMC · fetched just now · sorted by publication date

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    A copper uptake ABC transport system is essential for <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> virulence.

    Xu Z, Tang H, Yan M, Li H, Zhou A, Chen Y, Yan CH, Karakousis PC, Ni J, Wang D, Tao J, Wu W, Xie Q, Lu J, Zha… · 2026-05-25

    open access unreviewed
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    Development and validation of a digital PCR assay targeting plasma <i>FAR1</i> methylation for early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma.

    Park SJ, Lee YY, Chung YK, Jung BH, An J, Han J, Moon Y, Wang HJ. · 2026-04-20

    open access unreviewed
  3. 3
    Phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis via ChoC is crucial for cellular integrity and virulence in <i>Rhizopus microsporus</i>.

    Carrillo-Marín P, Tahiri G, Camuña-Pardo L, Lax C, Sanchis M, Capilla J, Navarro E, Garre V, Nicolás FE. · 2026-04-16

    open access unreviewed
  4. 4
    The responsive nucleus: morphological signatures of cellular state.

    Pérez-Venteo A, Bosch-Calvet M, Garcia-Cajide M, Mauvezin C. · 2026-02-19

    cited 3× open access unreviewed
  5. 5
    <i><b>Limosilactobacillus mucosae</b></i> <b>attenuates hyperlipidemic periodontitis via the gut-oral axis</b>.

    Xu J, Han Z, Xue Q, Wang H, Song J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wang D, Hu M. · 2026-01-20

    open access unreviewed
  6. 6
    Environmental-dose chlorpyrifos disrupts gut microbiota and microbial metabolite profiles: An indirect mechanism promoting breast tumor growth.

    Yuan J, Zhang J, Lin Z, Cai Z. · 2025-11-01

    unreviewed
  7. 7
    Cinnamon polysaccharides reshape gut microbiota and enrich Alloprevotella rava to promote acetate-dependent choline metabolism and delay mammary aging.

    Zhang M, Cao Y, Li K, He D, Liu X, Dong X, Bi J, Guo W, Fu S. · 2026-07-15

    unreviewed
  8. 8
    Mitochondrial micro-nano reactors via enhancing mitochondrial transfer and mitophagy for alleviating metabolic crisis.

    Mao J, Xia W, Li M, Huang X, Zhao Y, Hu Z, Su Y, Wang J, Cui W, Zan T. · 2026-05-08

    open access unreviewed
  9. 9
    Molecular mechanisms of iron metabolism and ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases and intervention strategies targeting natural products (Review).

    Ge L, Zhang T, Yu J, Xiao S, Zhou Y, Luo L. · 2026-06-05

    open access unreviewed
  10. 10
    Combined in ovo and post-hatch choline supplementation enhances growth and muscle development in goslings.

    Liu W, Zheng X, Li X, Yang H, Wang Z. · 2026-05-01

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External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.