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PW-038 Lipid Metabolism Catabolic / signalling unreviewed

Phospholipid Degradation (Phospholipases)

Membrane phospholipid Fatty acids, lysophospholipid, DAG, IP3, phosphatidic acid
Compartment
Membranes, lysosome, plasma
Main tissue
All cells; pancreas, snake/bee venoms
Rate-limiting
Phospholipase A2 (cPLA2/sPLA2)
Steps
4

Reaction steps

In source order, 4 total

showing 1–4
  1. 1

    Phospholipid -> free fatty acid (sn-1) + 2-acyl-lysophospholipid

    Phospholipase A1 3.1.1.32 ST-0311 Irreversible/directional
    In Phospholipid
    Out Free fatty acid (sn-1) 2-Acyl-lysophospholipid
    › Notes

    Cleaves the sn-1 ester bond.

  2. 2

    Phospholipid -> arachidonate (sn-2) + lysophospholipid

    Phospholipase A2 (cPLA2/sPLA2) 3.1.1.4 ST-0312 Irreversible/directional rate-limiting Ca2+
    In Phospholipid
    Out Arachidonate (sn-2) Lysophospholipid
    › Notes

    Cleaves the sn-2 bond and is the rate-limiting release of arachidonic acid for eicosanoid synthesis; inhibited indirectly by glucocorticoid-induced lipocortin/annexin.

  3. 3

    PIP2 -> diacylglycerol + inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate

    Phospholipase C (PLC-beta/gamma) 3.1.4.11 ST-0313 Irreversible/directional Ca2+
    In PIP2
    Out Diacylglycerol Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate
    › Notes

    Cleaves the glycerophosphate bond; generates the two second messengers of the Gq pathway.

  4. 4

    Phosphatidylcholine + H2O -> phosphatidic acid + choline

    Phospholipase D 3.1.4.4 ST-0314 Irreversible/directional
    In Phosphatidylcholine H2O
    Out Phosphatidic acid Choline
    › Notes

    Cleaves distal to the phosphate, releasing the head-group alcohol.

Showing all 4 steps.

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