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rate-limiting unreviewed

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP)

1 reactions · 1 pathways

Cofactors used

CYP reductase heme NADPH · B3 (Niacin) O2

Clinical / pharmacological. CYP3A4 handles ~50% of drugs; major site of drug-drug interactions

What it does, reaction by reaction

1 reactions

Phase I - Functionalization Xenobiotic & Drug Metabolism · Smooth ER (microsomes), mitochondria

step 1 Irreversible/directional rate-limiting

Drug + O2 + NADPH -> hydroxylated/oxidized drug + H2O + NADP+

Converts O2 NADPH into Hydroxylated/oxidized drug H2O NADP+

› Notes

Smooth ER of hepatocytes. Introduces or exposes a polar group. CYP3A4 handles roughly half of all drugs.

Showing all 1 reactions.

What accelerates and inhibits it

Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately

0 entries

No regulation recorded for this enzyme in the source documents.

Recent literature

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Europe PMC · fetched just now · sorted by publication date

  1. 1
    Chromosome-level genome and transcriptome analysis of <i>Trichophyton verrucosum</i> reveals pathogenicity mechanisms and antifungal response.

    Tahir MS, Ma X, Gu Y, Liu R, Liao Y, Zeng X, Zhao X, Luo R, Li B, Liu J, Yang H, He K, Ye S, Tang Y, Guo H, Y… · 2026-05-24

    open access unreviewed
  2. 2
    Sexually dimorphic expression and hormonal responsiveness of steroidogenic Cyp genes during gonadal differentiation in mandarin fish.

    Zhang J, Lin S, Deng Z, Chen W, Cai G, Zhang M, Zhan L, Han C, Gong J, Li Q. · 2026-08-04

    unreviewed
  3. 3
    Haplotype-resolved T2T genome and population resequencing provide insights into the domestication and mogroside biosynthesis of <i>Siraitia grosvenorii</i> (Cucurbitaceae).

    Kou Y, Wang S, Xie W, Dou L, Pan D, Lai B, Mo F, Yang P, Zeng D, Wei S, Wang H, Zhang Z, Tang S. · 2026-03-18

    open access unreviewed
  4. 4
    Applications of humanized mice in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> infections (Review).

    Han B, Liu F, Long J, Wang J, Cui Y, Yang H. · 2026-05-08

    open access unreviewed
  5. 5
    Effects of Elevated Oxytetracycline on Cytochrome P450 and Immune-Related Gene Expression and Histopathological Alterations in Olive Flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus

    Na H, Lee G, Kong H, Kim J, Hwang S. · 2026-06-01

    open access unreviewed
  6. 6
    Genome-wide copy number variation drives adaptive evolution in <i>Macaca mulatta</i> populations.

    Liu Y, Zhang L, Jin X, Liu Z, Qi J, Fan Z, Li M, Li J. · 2025-08-07

    open access unreviewed
  7. 7
    Comparative Transcriptomic Analysis of Detoxification Enzyme Gene Families in Parent and Offspring Riptortus pedestris After Sublethal Thiamethoxam Treatment

    Zhao S, Wang Z, Chen S, Li R, Du Z, Huang X, Yuan H, Shi S, Zhou Y, Gao Y. · 2026-06-01

    open access unreviewed
  8. 8
    Identification and Characterization of the Detoxification Genes from the Transcriptome of Plagiodera versicolora

    Liu X, Sun H, Pei Y, Lu M, Zhang H. · 2026-06-01

    open access unreviewed
  9. 9
    Vitamin D as a cellular endocrine system: Tissue-specific microcircuits, immune reprogramming, and metabolic resistance.

    Feng J, Xiao J, Gao Z, Zhou H, Li X, Tian Y, Gao B. · 2026-06-01

    open access unreviewed
  10. 10
    Artificial intelligence in medicine: from molecular data analysis to clinical decision-making.

    Primorac D, Südhof TC. · 2026-06-01

    open access unreviewed

External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.