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rate-limiting unreviewed

Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP)

1 reactions · 1 pathways

Cofactors used

CYP reductase heme NADPH · B3 (Niacin) O2

Clinical / pharmacological. CYP3A4 handles ~50% of drugs; major site of drug-drug interactions

What it does, reaction by reaction

1 reactions

Phase I - Functionalization Xenobiotic & Drug Metabolism · Smooth ER (microsomes), mitochondria

step 1 Irreversible/directional rate-limiting

Drug + O2 + NADPH -> hydroxylated/oxidized drug + H2O + NADP+

Converts O2 NADPH into Hydroxylated/oxidized drug H2O NADP+

› Notes

Smooth ER of hepatocytes. Introduces or exposes a polar group. CYP3A4 handles roughly half of all drugs.

Showing all 1 reactions.

What accelerates and inhibits it

Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately

0 entries

No regulation recorded for this enzyme in the source documents.

Recent literature

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Europe PMC · fetched just now · sorted by publication date

  1. 1
    Characterization of two key cytochrome P450 enzymes in <i>Isodon amethystoides</i> and <i>de novo</i> production of 3α,15β-dihydroxy-<i>ent-</i>kaurene in yeast.

    Chen Y, Song X, Wang Y, Han Y, Xia M, Yuan S, Ma Y, Wang J, Ma Q, Liu S, Su P, Huang L. · 2026-08-27

    open access unreviewed
  2. 2
    Chromosome-level genome and transcriptome analysis of <i>Trichophyton verrucosum</i> reveals pathogenicity mechanisms and antifungal response.

    Tahir MS, Ma X, Gu Y, Liu R, Liao Y, Zeng X, Zhao X, Luo R, Li B, Liu J, Yang H, He K, Ye S, Tang Y, Guo H, Y… · 2026-05-24

    cited 1× open access unreviewed
  3. 3
    Characterization of a CYP107 family vitamin D<sub>3</sub> carbon-25 hydroxylase; insights toward vitamin D<sub>3</sub> recognition by a cytochrome P450.

    Jensen LJ, Estrada DF. · 2026-08-26

    unreviewed
  4. 4
    Cytochrome P450 enzymes in the phenylpropanoid pathway: CYP73 and CYP98 candidate genes in Chara braunii, Anthoceros agrestis, Marchantia polymorpha and Physcomitrium patens

    Aggarwal‐Kentrath C, Petersen M. · 2026-10-01

    open access unreviewed
  5. 5
    Urban PM<sub>0.2</sub> Affects Astrocytes by Inducing Xenobiotic and Oxidative Stress Responses.

    Saveleva L, Afonin A, Ivanova M, Sima M, Krejcik Z, Malm T, Jalava PI, Rössner P, Kanninen KM. · 2026-10-02

    open access unreviewed
  6. 6
    Laboratory diagnostics in personalised medicine - 36th Symposium of the Croatian society of medical biochemistry and laboratory medicine.

    Rogić D, Šimičević L, Žigman T, Bambir I, Vukić Dugac A, Tješić-Drinković D, Fumić K, Lehman I, Rako I, Popov… · 2026-08-10

    open access unreviewed
  7. 7
    Haplotype-resolved autotetraploid genome of Dioscorea nipponica provides insights into recent polyploidization, metabolic rewiring, and environmental adaptation.

    Li SS, Sun XQ, Feng Y, Hu K, Li P, Liu Y, Gu JH, Chen M, Lu RS. · 2026-09-01

    open access unreviewed
  8. 8
    Transcriptome Analysis of Deltamethrin Resistance Mechanisms in <i>Aedes aegypti</i> Populations from Metro Manila, Philippines.

    Solomon MRM, Bautista MAM. · 2026-09-10

    open access unreviewed
  9. 9
    Different Temperature Regimes Affect Gonadal Development and Energy Budget in <i>Apostichopus japonicus</i>.

    Zhang J, Deng K, Zhu X, Wang W, Feng Y, Xu X, Li Z, Cui C, Yang J, Sun G. · 2026-09-08

    open access unreviewed
  10. 10
    Exploring and Mitigating Insecticide Resistance in Urban Pests with New Synergists and Insecticides.

    Ahmad A, Panhalkar V, Sarkar M, Bloomquist J. · 2026-09-20

    open access unreviewed

External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.