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unreviewed

Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase)

1 reactions · 1 pathways

Cofactors used

Cu · Copper Fe2+ · Iron H2O Heme/cytochrome · Iron O2

Clinical / pharmacological. Inhibited by cyanide, carbon monoxide, azide, H2S

What it does, reaction by reaction

1 reactions

Electron Transport Chain (Complexes I–IV) Energy Metabolism & Cellular Respiration · Inner mitochondrial membrane

step 4 Irreversible/directional

2 cytochrome c(Fe2+) + 1/2 O2 + 2 H+matrix → 2 cytochrome c(Fe3+) + H2O

Converts Cytochrome c(Fe2+) O2 H+ (matrix) into Cytochrome c(Fe3+) H2O

› Notes

Required cofactors: CuA center, hemes a and a3, CuB, cytochrome c, O2, and matrix protons. Per pair of electrons (one NADH equivalent), Complex IV pumps 2 H+ from matrix to intermembrane space and also consumes 2 matrix H+ chemically to form water; for four electrons/O2 it pumps 4 H+ and consumes 4 matrix H+.

Showing all 1 reactions.

What accelerates and inhibits it

Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately

0 entries

No regulation recorded for this enzyme in the source documents.

Recent literature

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Europe PMC · fetched just now · sorted by publication date

  1. 1
    PINK1 deficiency exacerbates age-related bone loss in association with enhanced inflammatory adipocyte differentiation.

    Sung MJ, An HJ, Yeo H, Choi S, Ha MH, Jeong HY, Baek J, Sooyoung J, Lee SY, Lee S. · 2026-03-27

    open access unreviewed
  2. 2
    Targeting mitochondrial quality control in diabetic kidney disease: emerging therapeutic opportunities.

    Luo J, Lu F, Cuciureanu M, Xu X, Dong H, Gong M. · 2026-02-03

    cited 2× open access unreviewed
  3. 3
    Jujuboside A induces bladder cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting ATP1A2-mediated mitochondrial energy metabolism regulation.

    Zhu M, Liu Y, Jia Y, Ren L, An S, Wang Y. · 2026-01-14

    open access unreviewed
  4. 4
    Iron and Other Metal Ions in Human Health and Disease.

    Dai X, Li J. · 2026-10-02

    open access unreviewed
  5. 5
    Conserved and divergent mitochondrial assemblies in kinetoplastid parasites.

    Solayman M, Liao YT, Calvo SE, Vacas AF, Papanastasiou M, Rivera KD, Mani DR, Boyle BW, Deng FG, MitoCarta Tr… · 2026-10-01

    open access unreviewed
  6. 6
    Selenoprotein S associates with complexes governing membrane protein biogenesis and translation-associated processes.

    Ghelichkhani F, Kapitonova MA, Odunsi A, Rahmani E, Rosas Bringas OG, Kaniyar MH, LaCava J, Rozovsky S. · 2026-08-07

    open access unreviewed
  7. 7
    Complexome profiling of mitochondria in the myzozoan parasite of oysters, Perkinsus marinus.

    Maclean AE, Iorillo O, Faktorová D, Singh M, McGill S, Lukeš J, Sheiner L. · 2026-09-29

    open access unreviewed
  8. 8
    Reframing Alzheimer's Disease Through a Redox-Metabolic Framework.

    Velázquez De Castro-Bono A, Castro-Luna G, Guil-Guerrero JL. · 2026-09-17

    open access unreviewed
  9. 9
    Iron, Copper, and Zinc Dyshomeostasis in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases: Redox Mechanisms, Evidence Levels, and Translational Prospects.

    Wang K, Liu Y, Li X, Li L, Zhou R. · 2026-09-10

    open access unreviewed
  10. 10
    Complete Mitochondrial Genomes of <i>Araiocypris batodes</i> and <i>Tanichthys huidongensis</i> Provide Phylogenetic Evidence for the Reassignment of <i>Araiocypris</i> to Tanichthyidae.

    Zhao L, Liu C, Gao S, Wang J, Su C, Tan C, Liu J, Yao G, Guo X, Jing S, Yang T, Li F. · 2026-09-20

    open access unreviewed

External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.