Complex IV (cytochrome c oxidase)
Cofactors used
Clinical / pharmacological. Inhibited by cyanide, carbon monoxide, azide, H2S
What it does, reaction by reaction
Electron Transport Chain (Complexes I–IV) Energy Metabolism & Cellular Respiration · Inner mitochondrial membrane
2 cytochrome c(Fe2+) + 1/2 O2 + 2 H+matrix → 2 cytochrome c(Fe3+) + H2O
Converts Cytochrome c(Fe2+) O2 H+ (matrix) into Cytochrome c(Fe3+) H2O
› Notes
Required cofactors: CuA center, hemes a and a3, CuB, cytochrome c, O2, and matrix protons. Per pair of electrons (one NADH equivalent), Complex IV pumps 2 H+ from matrix to intermembrane space and also consumes 2 matrix H+ chemically to form water; for four electrons/O2 it pumps 4 H+ and consumes 4 matrix H+.
Showing all 1 reactions.
What accelerates and inhibits it
Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately
No regulation recorded for this enzyme in the source documents.
Recent literature
Europe PMC · from cache · sorted by publication date
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1
Targeting mitochondrial quality control in diabetic kidney disease: emerging therapeutic opportunities.
Luo J, Lu F, Cuciureanu M, Xu X, Dong H, Gong M. · 2026-02-03
cited 2× open access unreviewed -
2
Jujuboside A induces bladder cancer cell apoptosis by inhibiting ATP1A2-mediated mitochondrial energy metabolism regulation.
Zhu M, Liu Y, Jia Y, Ren L, An S, Wang Y. · 2026-01-14
open access unreviewed -
3
Nitric oxide-driven Warburg reprogramming at the NOS2-COX2 axis: An integrative engine of cancer hallmarks.
Coutinho LL, Palmieri EM, Ridnour LA, Cheng RYS, Heinz WF, Anderson SK, Billiar TR, Chang J, Lockett SJ, Rang… · 2026-06-02
open access unreviewed -
4
Current Topics of Progressive Cardiac Conduction Disease.
Sumitomo N, Mori H, Kumamoto T, Ishikawa T, Seki A, Makita N, Schott JJ, Wilde AAM. · 2026-06-25
open access unreviewed -
5
The Upregulation of NDUFB3 Is Implicated in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Neuronal Apoptosis in Ischemic Stroke.
Cheng S, Mu Z, Zhang F, Song J, Shao J, Yan Y, Daskalakis AA, Wang Y, Zhang B, Jiang Y, Wang L, Liu F. · 2026-06-12
open access unreviewed -
6
Cardiomyopathy and mitochondrial encephalomyopathy in a female child associated with a heterozygous X-linked AIFM1 variant.
Sandmann C, Gudapati S, Mayr JA, Jamra RA, Kovacevic A, Syrbe S. · 2026-06-22
open access unreviewed -
7
Influence of Hypothermic Machine Perfusion on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Early Tubular Injury in Rat Donor Kidneys Before Transplantation.
LeGrand C, Bhattarai D, Sharma A, McGraw MK, Gokden N, MacMillan-Crow LA, Parajuli N. · 2026-04-07
open access unreviewed -
8
ScRNA-seq Data Reveal Gene Upregulation and Downregulation in Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy.
Wang X, Wang L, Ju Y. · 2026-06-11
open access unreviewed -
9
Prolonged linezolid therapy induces progressive mitochondrial dysfunction in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Martínez-Guitián M, Cajade-Pascual F, Castro-Fernández DC, Cuartero-Martínez A, Nogueiras R, Fernández-Castro… · 2026-06-09
open access unreviewed -
10
MRPS22 variants alter mitochondrial ribosome assembly in patients with leukodystrophy, movement disorder and intellectual impairment.
Glasgow RIC, Lennartsson F, Arnardottir S, Shiriaev DI, Correia SP, Moedas M, Peña-Pérez L, Paucar M, Naess K… · 2026-06-01
open access unreviewed
External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.