Aldose reductase (AKR1B1)
Cofactors used
Clinical / pharmacological. Target of aldose reductase inhibitors; polyol accumulation in diabetes
What it does, reaction by reaction
Galactose Metabolism Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol
Galactose + NADPH + H+ → galactitol + NADP+
Converts Galactose NADPH H+ into Galactitol NADP+
› Notes
Aldose reductase reduces excess galactose to galactitol using NADPH. This is a side pathway rather than a normal energy-yielding Leloir step; galactitol is poorly metabolized and can accumulate, particularly in the lens.
Sorbitol / Polyol Pathway Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol
Glucose + NADPH + H+ -> sorbitol + NADP+
Converts Glucose NADPH H+ into Sorbitol NADP+
› Notes
Rate-limiting. High Km for glucose, so flux rises sharply in hyperglycaemia. Also reduces galactose to galactitol.
Showing all 2 reactions.
What accelerates and inhibits it
Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately
No regulation recorded for this enzyme in the source documents.
Recent literature
Europe PMC · fetched just now · sorted by publication date
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1
Key molecular networks underlying retinol's biphasic effects on cell proliferation through multi-omics integrative analysis using genome-scale metabolic modeling.
He P, Xiang G, Yan Y, Zhong J, Liang Y, Shu P, Lu H. · 2026-06-19
open access unreviewed -
2
Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 as a candidate associated with pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Morimoto Y, Sato Y, Kato K, Yamamoto H, Suzuki K, Go K, Fukasawa Y, Ohashi N, Takahashi Y, Kato T. · 2026-08-31
open access unreviewed -
3
Landscape of diabetic kidney disease drug clinical trials in China (2013-2023): global implications for innovation and policy.
Yang Y, Tan H, Xiao Z, Zhu J, Chen Y, Li G. · 2026-02-22
open access unreviewed -
4
Dual anti-pseudomonal and resistance-modulatory actions of <i>Sida acuta</i> (Malvaceae) via BamB-OprM targeting: insights from integrated metabolomics, computational, and <i>in vitro</i> analyses.
Seukep AJ, Mbuntcha HG, Zemnou CT, Kouam AF, Kuete V, Guo M. · 2026-01-08
open access unreviewed -
5
Coat Color‐Associated Transcriptomic Differences of Black and White Hortobágyi Racka Sheep Using the RNA‐Seq Technique
Astuti P, Bagi Z, Bodrogi L, Kusza S. · 2026-10-01
open access unreviewed -
6
Metabolic reprogramming in diabetic panvascular disease: Molecular mechanism and therapeutic strategies.
Bai Y, Bai Y, Liu S. · 2026-09-18
open access unreviewed -
7
Retinal proteomics in neurodegeneration: Insights into ocular and brain disorders.
Mirshahvaladi S, Gaire BP, Kashani SA, Guha A, Koronyo Y, Fuchs DT, You Y, Black KL, Paulo JA, Graham SL, Gup… · 2025-10-30
open access unreviewed -
8
Carboxyl Amidation of Chlorogenic Acid Improves Anti-Inflammatory Activity and Biosafety via Potent AKR1B1 Inhibition in LPS-Induced Macrophages.
Yang F, Guang C, Chen H, Hou H. · 2026-09-14
open access unreviewed -
9
Dietary Fructose and Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: Metabolic, Microbial, and Translational Perspectives.
Tangyingyong S, Abu-Fares H, Susiriwatananont T. · 2026-09-14
open access unreviewed -
10
Special Issue "Molecular Biomarkers in Cancers: Advances and Challenges".
Tappia PS, Ramjiawan B. · 2026-09-16
open access unreviewed
External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.