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unreviewed

Transketolase

2 reactions · 1 pathways

Cofactors used

Mg2+ · Magnesium TPP (B1) · B1 (Thiamine)

Clinical / pharmacological. TPP-dependent; erythrocyte transketolase activity assesses thiamine status

What it does, reaction by reaction

2 reactions

Pentose Phosphate Pathway (Oxidative and Non-oxidative phases) Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol

step 6 Reversible

Xylulose-5-phosphate + ribose-5-phosphate → glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + sedoheptulose-7-phosphate

Converts Xylulose-5-phosphate Ribose-5-phosphate into Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate

› Notes

Transketolase transfers a two-carbon glycolaldehyde unit and requires thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) and Mg2+. This reversible non-oxidative reaction forms a three-carbon and a seven-carbon sugar phosphate.

step 8 Reversible

Xylulose-5-phosphate + erythrose-4-phosphate → glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + fructose-6-phosphate

Converts Xylulose-5-phosphate Erythrose-4-phosphate into Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Fructose-6-phosphate

› Notes

A second transketolase reaction, again requiring TPP and Mg2+, transfers two carbons to form another fructose-6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. The reversible non-oxidative phase therefore converts three pentose phosphates into two fructose-6-phosphate and one glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate.

Showing all 2 reactions.

What accelerates and inhibits it

Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately

1 entries

Pentose Phosphate Pathway (Oxidative and Non-oxidative phases)

Accelerated by

Substrate availability; adequate TPP

Inhibited by

Thiamine deficiency limits activity

Hormonal control

No major acute direct hormonal control; flux follows pentose and glycolytic-intermediate demand

Recent literature

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Europe PMC · fetched just now · sorted by publication date

  1. 1
    Artificial gene clusters designed for simultaneous multi-gene expression enable reconstruction of metabolite biosynthesis pathways in <i>Trichoderma reesei</i>.

    Wang L, Dang Y, Luan C, Yan Z, Wang X, Ma Z, Zhang X, Ao R, Liu B, Liu Z, Shi P, Xie J. · 2026-09-17

    open access unreviewed
  2. 2
    Metabolic engineering of <i>Escherichia coli</i> for efficient production of d-phenylglycine.

    Xiong Y, Shang Z, Lu L, Wang T, Cai G, Shen X, Sun X, Wang J, Yuan Q. · 2026-08-07

    open access unreviewed
  3. 3
    HSV-1 metabolic hijacking: Mechanisms to precision therapeutics.

    Kuang S, Zhang J, Chen J, He Z, Yang J, Li S, Ding J, Ma Z, Zhang B. · 2026-08-11

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  4. 4
    Maternal education-related inequality in female genital mutilation/cutting among daughters aged 0-14 years in three East African countries: DHS data from 2016-2022.

    Kifle Tsegaw T, Amsalu Adiss N, Misganaw Mesfin Y, Zelalem Temesgan W, Fentahun S, Gubena Arage F, Akalewold … · 2026-07-08

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    Systems engineering of <i>Escherichia coli</i> for high-level hydroxytyrosol production.

    Zuo J, Zhang S, Huang W, Liu J, Gao C, Hu GP, Song W, Li X, Wei W, Wu J, Liu L, Liu K, Xu N. · 2026-06-01

    open access unreviewed
  6. 6
    A prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study of thiamin plus folic acid in the treatment of cognitive impairment in patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis.

    Xie K, Jiang Y, Chen T, Liu S, Fang Y, Chen F, Shen J, Zeng X, Li P, Qiu T, Wang J, Yu L, Zang X, Wang N, Yua… · 2026-04-30

    open access unreviewed
  7. 7
    Multi-omics dissection of metabolic hijacking: Infectious bronchitis virus orchestrates lipid-centric replication through PPAR-TGF-β crosstalk.

    Yan K, Wang X, Bo Z, Zhang C, Guo M, Zhang X, Wu Y. · 2026-01-28

    cited 1× open access unreviewed
  8. 8
    Inhibitors of GapN-dependent NADPH supply as potential lead compounds for novel therapeutics against <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i>.

    Schütt I, Einwohlt P, Wandinger AM, Teuffel J, Wirsing R, Hlawatschke BH, Fehlauer HL, Bothe S, Bader N, Mona… · 2025-12-30

    cited 2× open access unreviewed
  9. 9
    Thiamin deficiency in children with chronic kidney disease on peritoneal dialysis and its association with dialysis duration and transport peritoneal membrane status.

    Suwanboriboon W, Chaiyapuk T, Tinnabut I, Sanpawitayakul G, Srisawat C, Junnu S, Liammongkolkul S, Chotipanan… · 2025-06-23

    cited 2× open access unreviewed
  10. 10
    Safety of benfotiamine as a Novel food pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2015/2283 and the bioavailability of benfotiamine as a source of thiamin in the context of Directive 2002/46/EC on food supplements

    · 2026-10-01

    open access unreviewed

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