Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT1/SHMT2)
Cofactors used
What it does, reaction by reaction
One-Carbon Metabolism (Folate Cycle) Amino Acid & Nitrogen Metabolism · Cytosol + mitochondrion
L-serine + THF ⇌ glycine + 5,10-methylene-THF + H₂O
Converts Serine Tetrahydrofolate (THF) into Glycine 5,10-Methylene-THF H2O
› Notes
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT1 cytosolic; SHMT2 mitochondrial) uses PLP (vitamin B6) to transfer the serine β-carbon to THF. This reversible reaction is a major source of 5,10-methylene-THF.
Deoxyribonucleotide Formation (Ribonucleotide Reductase pathway and thymidylate synthesis) Nucleotide Metabolism · Cytosol
THF → 5,10-methylene-THF
Converts Tetrahydrofolate (THF) into 5,10-Methylene-THF
› Notes
Serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) catalyzes serine + THF ⇌ glycine + 5,10-methylene-THF, requiring pyridoxal phosphate. The folate-bound one-carbon unit can also be supplied through the cytosolic mitochondrial one-carbon network; adequate folate metabolism is required to sustain this step.
Showing all 2 reactions.
What accelerates and inhibits it
Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately
No regulation recorded for this enzyme in the source documents.
Recent literature
Europe PMC · from cache · sorted by publication date
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1
Retinal Biomarkers of Folate and Vitamin B12 Metabolic Dysfunction: A Framework for Machine Learning-Assisted Detection of Cerebral Folate Deficiency.
Ayoub G, Brown C. · 2026-08-13
cited 1× open access unreviewed -
2
One-carbon metabolism upregulated in lupus promotes the differentiation and effector functions of human B and T cells.
Lin YH, Chen MH, Hsu TS, Chung WH, Lin PC, Liu PC, Leu CM. · 2026-08-01
unreviewed - 3
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4
Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals folate metabolism-related genes as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets in clear cell renal cell carcinoma.
Lin J, Li S, Zhou Y, Han Z, Chen W, Zheng H, Liu S, Dai J, Cheng W, Fu C, Deng W, Xi H, Zeng J. · 2026-06-29
open access unreviewed -
5
ATF4 coordinates amino acid and nucleotide synthesis with selective protein translation to ensure proper DNA replication timing in leukemia cells.
Huhn JM, Valin L, Basse M, Sokei J, Gabriel N, Martinez E, Kanefsky JS, Stransky S, Dorrance A, Garzon R, Di … · 2026-06-20
cited 1× open access unreviewed -
6
Targeting NFATc1-regulated MTHFD2 one-carbon metabolism to suppress sustained T-cell-mediated inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.
Manolakou T, Shen J, Boddul S, Samiotaki M, Panagias MA, Sentis G, Silva TA, Argyriou A, Nikolopoulos D, Sanj… · 2026-06-10
open access unreviewed -
7
Targeting serine/glycine metabolism to attenuate IFN-γ- and IL-22-driven inflammation and hyperproliferation in psoriasis.
Mercurio L, Di Francesco V, Sergio S, Morelli M, Scarponi C, Madonna S, Pallotta S, Mancini M, Cappello A, Ca… · 2026-05-08
open access unreviewed -
8
Subcellular Redistribution of Endomembrane GPR15 Promotes NAD+-Mediated Metabolic Reprogramming and Boosts 5-FU Chemosensitivity in Colorectal Cancer.
Yue Z, Dai W, Cao Z, Hu B, Wang Z, Ma X, Qin D, Zhang T, Sang Q, Mei J, Yu T, Zhou Y, Luo Z, Xu J, Yuan Z, Li… · 2026-05-01
cited 1× open access unreviewed -
9
Serine Hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) in biology and disease: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targeting.
Li JY, Zhang XQ, Sheng R. · 2026-04-21
open access unreviewed -
10
Folate promotes colorectal cancer progression by impairing CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell function and recruitment via SLC19A1/p-AKT/NOTCH1 axis and CCL5 downregulation.
Qing S, Ling Y, Lai Y, Hu Y, Zhong Y, Liu Y, Liu X, Fang Y, Qian J, Deng H, Peng Y, Wu D, Shen Z. · 2026-03-13
cited 2× open access unreviewed
External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.