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unreviewed

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK)

1 reactions · 1 pathways

Cofactors used

GTP Mg2+ · Magnesium Mn2+

What it does, reaction by reaction

1 reactions

Gluconeogenesis Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol + mitochondrion + ER

step 4 Irreversible

Oxaloacetate + GTP → phosphoenolpyruvate + GDP + CO2

Converts Oxaloacetate GTP into Phosphoenolpyruvate GDP CO2

› Notes

Cytosolic or mitochondrial phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) requires GTP and Mg2+/Mn2+. Decarboxylation drives phosphorylation to PEP; together with step 1, it bypasses pyruvate kinase and is effectively irreversible. Mitochondrially formed PEP can be exported when the mitochondrial isoenzyme is used.

Showing all 1 reactions.

What accelerates and inhibits it

Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately

1 entries

Gluconeogenesis

Listed there as: Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase

Accelerated by

Substrate availability

Inhibited by

ADP

Hormonal control

Glucagon and cortisol induce transcription; insulin represses transcription

Recent literature

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Europe PMC · from cache · sorted by publication date

  1. 1
    Enhanced lactose utilization from milk enriched in Uridine-5'-monophosphate drives hepatic energy storage in young mammals.

    Gao LM, Liu L, Yang XD, Long CM, Wu X. · 2026-06-01

    open access unreviewed
  2. 2
    The gut microbiome-bile acid-FXR interplay: a pivotal axis in metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases.

    Shou J, Fu T. · 2026-05-01

    open access unreviewed
  3. 3
    Circadian synchronization between diet and gut microbiota in modulating host's health.

    Ma J, Zhen Y, Weng Y, Lin J, Zhang C, Zhong Y, Zhou J, Wang M. · 2026-03-31

    open access unreviewed
  4. 4
    Gut microbiota metabolic reprogramming drives the development of metabolic diseases in the host.

    Wang Y, Huang B, Wei X, Guan Y, Li L, Zheng Y, Sun W. · 2026-03-14

    cited 10× open access unreviewed
  5. 5
    Advancements in early biomarkers of acute kidney injury: from traditional indicators to a paradigm shift in lactate metabolism.

    Wu Q, Qiu X, Chen H. · 2026-01-13

    cited 2× open access unreviewed
  6. 6
    Dysregulation of ATP6V1B1 in renal intercalated cells in the pathophysiology of type 4 renal tubular acidosis.

    Tomomitsu Y, Ishizawa K, Kuribayashi-Okuma E, Shibata S. · 2026-06-24

    unreviewed
  7. 7
    The downregulation of PEPCK mediated cuproptosis is involved in triclosan induced reproductive damage in mouse testes via triggering ROS overproduction.

    Ding Y, Hong Y, Zhou X, Chen J, Tang H, Sun B, Ji F, Mi J, Long C, Shen L, Wu S, Wei Y, Wei G. · 2026-06-08

    unreviewed
  8. 8
    Engineering <i>Escherichia coli</i> for robust Co-utilization of glucose and xylose enables high-titer succinate production from lignocellulosic hydrolysates.

    Lv J, An J, Sun Z, Zhao G, Ding X, Deng X, Tan H, Cai J, Liang L, Liu R. · 2026-01-20

    cited 1× open access unreviewed
  9. 9
    Genipin dismantles WSSV's metabolic support system by targeting PC and PEPCK in shrimp.

    Xie L, Yi C, Ma Z, Luo S, Wei S, Wei X, Wang Y, Huang A. · 2026-05-25

    unreviewed
  10. 10
    Ultrasound-assisted degradation of polysaccharides from sweet corn cob can regulate gut microbiota and activate multiple pathways via the gut-liver axis to alleviate T2DM in mice.

    Xiu W, Wang X, Yu S, Na Z, Li C, Wang J, Ma Y. · 2026-05-07

    unreviewed

External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.