HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR)
Cofactors used
Clinical / pharmacological. Target of statins; SREBP-2 regulated
What it does, reaction by reaction
Cholesterol Biosynthesis (Mevalonate Pathway) Lipid Metabolism · Cytosol + ER
HMG-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ → mevalonate + 2 NADP+ + CoA-SH
Converts HMG-CoA NADPH H+ into Mevalonate NADP+ CoA-SH
› Notes
ER-associated HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) performs a two-stage reduction via mevaldehyde. This is the rate-limiting, committed, and essentially irreversible step of cholesterol biosynthesis and the target of statins.
Showing all 1 reactions.
What accelerates and inhibits it
Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately
Cholesterol Biosynthesis (Mevalonate Pathway)
Listed there as: HMG-CoA reductase
Low intracellular sterol via SREBP-2; dephosphorylation; insulin
Cholesterol/sterols (feedback, accelerated degradation); phosphorylation by AMPK; statins
Insulin activates and induces expression; glucagon and energy stress inhibit through phosphorylation; thyroid hormone can increase expression
Lipoprotein Metabolism (Exogenous and Endogenous Pathways: chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL)
Listed there as: HMG-CoA reductase
Low intracellular cholesterol; SREBP-2; insulin
Sterols, AMPK phosphorylation, statins
Insulin activates; glucagon/energy stress inhibit
Recent literature
Europe PMC · fetched just now · sorted by publication date
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1
Emerging roles of ATP citrate lyase in kidney diseases: from pathogenic driver to therapeutic target.
Wei M, Tao M, Tan H, Jin Z, Yang Y, Xiao Z, Li G, Chen Y. · 2026-04-09
open access unreviewed -
2
Circadian synchronization between diet and gut microbiota in modulating host's health.
Ma J, Zhen Y, Weng Y, Lin J, Zhang C, Zhong Y, Zhou J, Wang M. · 2026-03-31
open access unreviewed -
3
Multi-target protective effects of <i>Agrimonia pilosa</i> Ledeb. against metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis in mice.
Fu X, You J, Yang Y, Qi S, Yang S, Qu X, Shao Y, Wang N, Wang Z, Li Y, Zheng M, Yang H, Zhao J, He X, He Y. · 2026-03-09
open access unreviewed -
4
Research progress of endophytes and their secondary metabolites in <i>Morus</i> plants.
Geng Y, Geng W, Song C, Tian Y, Wang L, Guo W. · 2026-02-07
open access unreviewed -
5
A novel exopolysaccharide from <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> H6 improves cholesterol metabolism via <i>Muribaculum-</i>mediated activation of the enterohepatic FXR-FGF15 axis.
Li Y, Wang J, Wang H, Ma X, Ren D, Wang B. · 2026-02-02
cited 1× open access unreviewed -
6
Probiotic extracellular vesicles reprogram macrophage immunometabolism: From gut crosstalk to host health.
Li Y, Liu Y, Wei X, Wang C, Zahoor Khan M, Ma Q. · 2026-01-11
cited 2× open access unreviewed -
7
Erianin inhibits 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation through downregulation of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein-α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ, lipogenic genes and impairment of mitochondrial respiration.
Yimpreeda H, Laowittawat C, Siritutsoontorn S, Rojvirat P, Kumphune S, Jitrapakdee S. · 2025-12-19
open access unreviewed -
8
Cisplatin-induced primary ovarian insufficiency-related injury in mice is mediated through defects in cholesterol synthesis and subsequent activation of p53 signaling.
Zhang R, Wang F, Li J, Li H, Zhang N, Chen H, Liu X, Li X, Wei Z, Zhong F, Zhu F. · 2026-06-09
unreviewed -
9
Molecular mechanisms of cold stress-induced energy stress, cholesterol metabolic disorders, and apoptosis in Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
Wang D, Li M, Liao M, Tian Y, Wu Q, Xie S, Luo W, Zou J, Shi J, Du Z. · 2026-10-01
unreviewed -
10
8-Chloroadenosine suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma progression via ADAR1/PPARγ axis-mediated lipid metabolism.
Liu J, Zhao Y, Gong X, Yuan L, Yang S, Jian W, Yan H, Chen H, Yang Z, Sun Y, Gu T, Lu H, Zhao H, Tu Z. · 2025-09-26
open access unreviewed
External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.