HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR)
Cofactors used
Clinical / pharmacological. Target of statins; SREBP-2 regulated
What it does, reaction by reaction
Cholesterol Biosynthesis (Mevalonate Pathway) Lipid Metabolism · Cytosol + ER
HMG-CoA + 2 NADPH + 2 H+ → mevalonate + 2 NADP+ + CoA-SH
Converts HMG-CoA NADPH H+ into Mevalonate NADP+ CoA-SH
› Notes
ER-associated HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) performs a two-stage reduction via mevaldehyde. This is the rate-limiting, committed, and essentially irreversible step of cholesterol biosynthesis and the target of statins.
Showing all 1 reactions.
What accelerates and inhibits it
Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately
Cholesterol Biosynthesis (Mevalonate Pathway)
Listed there as: HMG-CoA reductase
Low intracellular sterol via SREBP-2; dephosphorylation; insulin
Cholesterol/sterols (feedback, accelerated degradation); phosphorylation by AMPK; statins
Insulin activates and induces expression; glucagon and energy stress inhibit through phosphorylation; thyroid hormone can increase expression
Lipoprotein Metabolism (Exogenous and Endogenous Pathways: chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL, HDL)
Listed there as: HMG-CoA reductase
Low intracellular cholesterol; SREBP-2; insulin
Sterols, AMPK phosphorylation, statins
Insulin activates; glucagon/energy stress inhibit
Recent literature
Europe PMC · fetched just now · sorted by publication date
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1
Advances and perspectives in genetically encoded biosensors for biomarker detection and theranostic circuits.
Xu J, Qi Q, Wang Q. · 2026-09-23
open access unreviewed -
2
3D-printed niche-matched GelMA-dECM bioinks rewire lipid metabolic reprogramming and chemosensitization in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.
Zhu B, Yang T, Chang M, Li Y, Wu D, Yan J, Guo Q, Wan J, Guo Y, Lu Y. · 2026-08-20
unreviewed -
3
Metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic insights.
Xiao W, Tan D, Zeng W, Nie X, Wang M. · 2026-01-28
open access unreviewed -
4
Key molecular networks underlying retinol's biphasic effects on cell proliferation through multi-omics integrative analysis using genome-scale metabolic modeling.
He P, Xiang G, Yan Y, Zhong J, Liang Y, Shu P, Lu H. · 2026-06-19
open access unreviewed -
5
A probiotic <i>Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum</i> converts hesperidin to bioactive hesperetin and improves metabolic dysfunction in aging mice.
Shen ZQ, Thuy TTD, Lu CK, Nguyen TS, Tung CY, Kao CY, Tsai TF. · 2026-09-23
open access unreviewed -
6
Myositis-specific and myositis-associated autoantibodies in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: An EASI survey on current clinical and laboratory practices.
Vroemen WHM, Dragon-Durey MA, Allenbach Y, Berki T, Čučnik S, Infantino M, Neves E, Nagy E, Pascu N, Patel D,… · 2026-09-01
open access unreviewed -
7
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits African swine fever virus replication by targeting key viral proteins and regulating host lipid metabolism.
He X, Li H, Yang R, Li P, Wang G, Cao H, Sun Y, Zhang M, Li Y, Shi K, Jongkaewwattana A, Ruan S, Li W. · 2026-09-18
open access unreviewed -
8
HSV-1 metabolic hijacking: Mechanisms to precision therapeutics.
Kuang S, Zhang J, Chen J, He Z, Yang J, Li S, Ding J, Ma Z, Zhang B. · 2026-08-11
open access unreviewed -
9
Taurochenodeoxycholic acid alleviates MPP<sup>+</sup>/MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo by suppressing ferroptosis via TGR5/cGAS/STING signaling pathway.
Wang L, Ni Y, Wang X, Ma Y, Chang Y, Chen L, Yu L, He Z, Li F. · 2026-06-30
cited 1× open access unreviewed -
10
Emerging roles of ATP citrate lyase in kidney diseases: from pathogenic driver to therapeutic target.
Wei M, Tao M, Tan H, Jin Z, Yang Y, Xiao Z, Li G, Chen Y. · 2026-04-09
open access unreviewed
External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.