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MS
PW-038 Lipid Metabolism Catabolic / signalling unreviewed

Phospholipid Degradation (Phospholipases)

Membrane phospholipid Fatty acids, lysophospholipid, DAG, IP3, phosphatidic acid
Compartment
Membranes, lysosome, plasma
Main tissue
All cells; pancreas, snake/bee venoms
Rate-limiting
Phospholipase A2 (cPLA2/sPLA2)
Steps
4

Reaction steps

In source order, 4 total

showing 1–4
  1. 1

    Phospholipid -> free fatty acid (sn-1) + 2-acyl-lysophospholipid

    Phospholipase A1 3.1.1.32 ST-0311 Irreversible/directional
    Notes

    Cleaves the sn-1 ester bond.

  2. 2

    Phospholipid -> arachidonate (sn-2) + lysophospholipid

    Phospholipase A2 (cPLA2/sPLA2) 3.1.1.4 ST-0312 Irreversible/directional rate-limiting Ca2+
    Notes

    Cleaves the sn-2 bond and is the rate-limiting release of arachidonic acid for eicosanoid synthesis; inhibited indirectly by glucocorticoid-induced lipocortin/annexin.

  3. 3

    PIP2 -> diacylglycerol + inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate

    Phospholipase C (PLC-beta/gamma) 3.1.4.11 ST-0313 Irreversible/directional Ca2+
    Notes

    Cleaves the glycerophosphate bond; generates the two second messengers of the Gq pathway.

  4. 4

    Phosphatidylcholine + H2O -> phosphatidic acid + choline

    Phospholipase D 3.1.4.4 ST-0314 Irreversible/directional
    Notes

    Cleaves distal to the phosphate, releasing the head-group alcohol.

Showing all 4 steps.

Recent literature

Live Europe PMC search

Europe PMC · from cache · sorted by publication date

  1. 1
    Chilling tolerance in kiwifruit alleviated by brassinosteroid: roles in ROS scavenging, membrane lipid stabilization, and energy metabolism.

    Zhang Y, Shen L, Huang Z, Yang C, Yang C, Xie K, Hu H, Chen C, Yang Y, Chen M, Kai W, Zeng J, Chen J, Gan Z. · 2026-04-01

    unreviewed
  2. 2
  3. 3
  4. 4
    Bifunctional transcription factors: recent advances in growth and development, stress resistance, and quality formation of fruits and vegetables.

    Shu P, Zheng Q, You Z, Zhu Y, Cheng X, Qing Y, Yao X, Li J, Shen L. · 2026-03-13

    open access unreviewed
  5. 5
  6. 6
    Cerebral glycerol during haemorrhagic shock in normal and raised intracranial pressure resuscitated with total REBOA: an experimental porcine study.

    Bader S, Magnuson A, Brorsson C, Wallin G, Löfgren N, Löfgren F, Blind PJ, Öman M, Olivecrona M. · 2026-06-15

    open access unreviewed
  7. 7
    Programmed oral delivery of peptide therapeutics for multiorgan targeting in metabolic disorders of hyperglycemia and hyperuricemia.

    Liu J, Xing X, Wen C, Chen H, Li W, Huang Y, Wang Y, Xing XH, Zhang CY. · 2026-06-10

    open access unreviewed
  8. 8
    LPLAT7 reutilizes unsaturated 1-lysophospholipids formed during lysosomal phospholipid degradation.

    Xu Y, Rajan S, Phoon CKL, Ren M, Hussain MM, Schlame M. · 2026-05-22

    open access unreviewed
  9. 9
    The Venom Revolution in Biomedicine: Unlocking Nature's Toxin Toolkit for Therapeutic Innovation.

    Bose D, Srinivasan K, Patil SS, Nayak AG, Hariharapura RC. · 2026-02-20

    open access unreviewed
  10. 10
    Phospholipase A2 Isoforms in Lung Immunity and Respiratory Infections: Potential Targets for Next-Generation Therapy.

    Joshi S, Walter K, Hamiel D, Saxena D, Zheng J. · 2026-05-25

    open access unreviewed

External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.