Complexes I, III, IV (proton pumps)
Cofactors used
What it does, reaction by reaction
Oxidative Phosphorylation (Chemiosmotic Mechanism and ATP Synthase) Energy Metabolism & Cellular Respiration · Inner mitochondrial membrane
Electron transport–driven proton extrusion: H+matrix → H+intermembrane space
Converts H+ (matrix) into H+ (intermembrane space)
› Notes
Required components include NADH/FADH2 electron donors, O2, ubiquinone, cytochrome c, the respiratory complexes, and an intact inner membrane. Per NADH, approximately 10 H+ are pumped (4 + 4 + 2); per FADH2 entering at Complex II, approximately 6 H+ are pumped. This is the energy-conserving input that establishes the proton-motive force.
Showing all 1 reactions.
What accelerates and inhibits it
Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately
No regulation recorded for this enzyme in the source documents.
Recent literature
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