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unreviewed

Citrate synthase

2 reactions · 2 pathways

Cofactors used

CoA-SH · B5 (Pantothenic acid) ATP H2O

Clinical / pharmacological. Entry step of TCA; inhibited by citrate, ATP, NADH, succinyl-CoA

What it does, reaction by reaction

2 reactions

Fatty Acid Synthesis (De Novo Lipogenesis) Lipid Metabolism · Cytosol

step 1 Irreversible/directional

Acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate → citrate

Converts Acetyl-CoA Oxaloacetate into Citrate

› Notes

Mitochondrial citrate synthase condenses acetyl-CoA with oxaloacetate; it requires no ATP directly and releases CoA-SH. When energy is abundant, citrate accumulates and is exported through the tricarboxylate carrier. This is the initiating reaction of the citrate shuttle, not the committed step of fatty-acid synthesis.

Citric Acid Cycle (TCA / Krebs Cycle) Energy Metabolism & Cellular Respiration · Mitochondrial matrix

step 1 Irreversible

Oxaloacetate + acetyl-CoA + H2O → citrate + CoA-SH

Converts Oxaloacetate Acetyl-CoA H2O into Citrate CoA-SH

› Notes

Cofactors: no redox cofactor; water hydrolyzes the thioester, and CoA-SH is released. This strongly exergonic, essentially irreversible step is a major control point and commits acetyl-CoA to citrate formation when oxaloacetate is available.

Showing all 2 reactions.

What accelerates and inhibits it

Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately

1 entries

Citric Acid Cycle (TCA / Krebs Cycle)

Accelerated by

ADP; substrate availability (oxaloacetate and acetyl-CoA)

Inhibited by

ATP, NADH, citrate, succinyl-CoA

Hormonal control

No dominant acute direct hormonal switch; insulin increases carbohydrate-derived acetyl-CoA supply, whereas fasting/glucagon favor reduced TCA flux in liver when oxaloacetate is diverted to gluconeogenesis

Recent literature

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Europe PMC · fetched just now · sorted by publication date

  1. 1
    Global, regional, and national burden of exposure to chewing tobacco, 1990-2023: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023.

    GBD 2023 Chewing Tobacco Collaborators. · 2027-07-20

    unreviewed
  2. 2
    Metabolic Improvement and Weight Reduction After Large Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection Including the Papilla for Duodenal Adenoma: A Case Report.

    Lo CC, Chung CS, Lee WW, Tsai CC, Miyazaki K, Kato M. · 2026-09-17

    open access unreviewed
  3. 3
    Cold Resection for Superficial Non-Ampullary Duodenal Epithelial Tumors: Current Evidence and Clinical Perspectives.

    Mikuriya Y, Takizawa K, Minakata N, Shiotsuki K. · 2026-09-07

    open access unreviewed
  4. 4
    Risk Stratification for Rebleeding in Obscure Gastrointestinal Bleeding After Comprehensive Gastrointestinal Evaluation.

    Onishi S, Otani K, Masuda N, Taniguchi H, Kojima K, Takada J, Kubota M, Ibuka T, Shimizu M. · 2026-07-06

    open access unreviewed
  5. 5
    Gastric Metastasis of Uterine Leiomyosarcoma Detected During Surveillance Endoscopy and Resected by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection After Multiple Metachronous Metastases: A Case Report.

    Nagasawa Y, Hiratsuka T, Minezaki D, Miyoshino W, Ogawa R, Akagi T, Shiroshita H, Ueda Y, Mizukami K, Inomata… · 2026-07-07

    open access unreviewed
  6. 6
    Initial Experience With Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Gallbladder Drainage Using Lumen-apposing Metal Stents in Extremely Elderly and Frail Patients.

    Kobayashi K, Nomura T, Ayaki M, Ogi T, Sato Y, Yamada M, Namima D, Fujita N, Yamana H, Kamada H, Funaki T, Ko… · 2026-06-22

    open access unreviewed
  7. 7
    Case Report of a Rapidly Progressive Indolent T-Cell Lymphoma of the Gastrointestinal Tract.

    Shibuya K, Tamura A, Yafuso D, Kawamoto A, Hibiya S, Takenaka K, Shimizu H, Fujii T, Ohtsuka K, Okamoto R. · 2026-05-19

    open access unreviewed
  8. 8
    An antibiotic-free plasmid vector platform for non-viral DNA delivery.

    Zhao D, Carden ZD, Wang Y, Hudson CS, Maza PA, Cyril-Ramirez D, Li Y. · 2026-05-23

    open access unreviewed
  9. 9
    Antifibrotic hydrogel strategies for scarless tissue regeneration: mechanisms, design, and application.

    Zhu S, Shi Y, Wang H, Feng L, Lu Y, Si X, Ma Q, He L, Liu S. · 2026-09-17

    open access unreviewed
  10. 10
    A bladder microenvironment-adaptive ceria nanozyme hydrogel enables urea-responsive intravesical chemo-immunotherapy.

    Yuan Y, Yu L, Feng H, Li C, Chen X, Feng L, Pan T, Gao L, Zhou Y, Zhang L. · 2026-09-16

    open access unreviewed

External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.