rate-limiting unreviewed

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1)

1 reactions · 1 pathways

Cofactors used

ATP Bicarbonate/CO2 Biotin (B7) · B7 (Biotin) Pi

Clinical / pharmacological. Biotin-dependent; inhibited by AMPK; ACC inhibitors studied in NASH/obesity

What it does, reaction by reaction

1 reactions

Fatty Acid Synthesis (De Novo Lipogenesis) Lipid Metabolism · Cytosol

step 5 Irreversible rate-limiting

Acetyl-CoA + HCO3− + ATP → malonyl-CoA + ADP + Pi

Converts Acetyl-CoA HCO3- ATP into Malonyl-CoA ADP Pi

› Notes

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC1) uses covalently bound biotin, ATP, and bicarbonate to carboxylate acetyl-CoA. This is the committed, rate-limiting, and irreversible regulatory step of cytosolic fatty-acid synthesis. The added carbon is later released as CO2 and thereby drives chain elongation.

Showing all 1 reactions.

What accelerates and inhibits it

Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately

1 entries

Fatty Acid Synthesis (De Novo Lipogenesis)

Accelerated by

Citrate; dephosphorylation; insulin-induced expression

Inhibited by

Palmitoyl-CoA and other long-chain acyl-CoAs; phosphorylation by AMPK and PKA

Hormonal control

Insulin activates by dephosphorylation and induces transcription through SREBP-1c; glucagon/epinephrine inhibit through phosphorylation in liver/adipose

Recent literature

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