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unreviewed

Hexokinase / Glucokinase

2 reactions · 2 pathways

Cofactors used

ATP Mg2+ · Magnesium

Clinical / pharmacological. GCK mutations: MODY2; HK1 deficiency: haemolytic anaemia

What it does, reaction by reaction

2 reactions

Fructose Metabolism (Fructolysis) Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol

step 5 Irreversible/directional

Alternative extrahepatic entry: fructose + ATP → fructose-6-phosphate + ADP

Converts Fructose ATP into Fructose-6-phosphate ADP

› Notes

Hexokinase can phosphorylate fructose at carbon 6 using ATP and Mg2+, yielding fructose-6-phosphate for entry upstream of PFK-1. This route is generally minor because hexokinase preferentially phosphorylates glucose and because liver fructokinase efficiently clears portal fructose.

Glycogenesis (Glycogen Synthesis) Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol (glycogen particle)

step 1 Irreversible

Glucose + ATP → glucose-6-phosphate + ADP

Converts Glucose ATP into Glucose-6-phosphate ADP

› Notes

Hexokinase in muscle and most tissues or glucokinase in liver phosphorylates glucose using ATP and Mg2+. This irreversible trapping step channels glucose toward intracellular metabolism, including glycogen synthesis.

Showing all 2 reactions.

What accelerates and inhibits it

Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately

1 entries

Anaerobic Glycolysis / Lactic Acid Fermentation

Listed there as: Hexokinase / glucokinase

Accelerated by

Hexokinase: glucose availability; glucokinase: high portal glucose and glucokinase regulatory protein release

Inhibited by

Hexokinase: glucose-6-phosphate; glucokinase: sequestration by glucokinase regulatory protein in low glucose/fructose-6-phosphate conditions

Hormonal control

Insulin induces hepatic glucokinase expression; glucagon decreases its expression in fasting

Recent literature

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Europe PMC · fetched just now · sorted by publication date

  1. 1
    A Review of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>'s Phytochemical Profile, Health Benefits, and Applications in Agri-Food Systems.

    Chen J, Hu Z, Chen S, Yao Y, Wang X, Zou W, Shao X. · 2026-05-07

    open access unreviewed
  2. 2
    Glucosamine links hyperglycemia to mTORC1 activation and glucose toxicity in diabetes.

    Riahi Y, Kogot-Levin A, Teselpapa Z, Zemelman E, Gamal F, Cohen T, Nasereddin A, Shiff I, Abramovich I, Agran… · 2026-05-22

    open access unreviewed
  3. 3
    The HepG2 Cell Line as a Model for Studying Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

    Kotlyarova A, Iskrina A, Kotlyarov S. · 2026-04-10

    cited 1× open access unreviewed
  4. 4
    Targeting Glycolytic Metabolism in Cancer Therapy: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives.

    Li S, Gong J, Kang B, Wang Z, Ma Y, Xia X, Yan H. · 2026-02-18

    cited 5× open access unreviewed
  5. 5
    In silico interactome analysis reveals distinct and complementary metabolic roles of bacteria in stingless bee larval food.

    de Avila NB, Costa Santos AC, Correa JL, Bonetti AM, Ueira-Vieira C, Dos Santos AR. · 2026-01-08

    open access unreviewed
  6. 6
    Phytochemistry, Bioactivity, and Toxicological Duality of <i>Oxytropis glabra</i> DC: A Review.

    Raganina K, Amirkhanova A, Akhelova S, Berdgaleyeva A, Amantayeva M, Kartbayeva E, Kaldybayeva A, Nurlybayev … · 2025-12-22

    open access unreviewed
  7. 7
    Aging Effects on Metabolic Sensor and Glycogen Metabolism in Old Male versus Female Rat Primary Hypothalamic Astrocyte Cultures.

    Shrestha R, Pasula MB, Briski KP. · 2025-11-01

    open access unreviewed
  8. 8
    Letter to the editor: 'Evaluation of the Bluetooth-enabled Scanbo device for point-of-care measurement of blood pressure and blood glucose: A cross-sectional pilot study in an urban slum of Bengaluru'.

    Aphale P, Shekhar H, Dokania S. · 2025-11-06

    open access unreviewed
  9. 9
    Mildly elevated liver lipid content is characterised by reduced insulin sensitivity.

    Tuomola N, Rebelos E, Latva-Rasku A, Bucci M, Immonen H, Saunavaara V, Laine S, Sjöros T, Garthwaite T, Raiko… · 2025-08-06

    open access unreviewed
  10. 10
    A Saccharomyces cerevisiae knockout screen for genes critical for growth under sulfur- and nitrogen-limited conditions reveals intracellular sorting via vesicular transport systems.

    Simmons S, Graham J, Cobb D, Sudakar S, Teng EG, Lee E, Do ET, Scott L, Price A, Kezh P, Wiles AM. · 2025-07-01

    open access unreviewed

External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.