Skip to content
MS
Sign in
unreviewed

Hexokinase / Glucokinase

2 reactions · 2 pathways

Cofactors used

ATP Mg2+ · Magnesium

Clinical / pharmacological. GCK mutations: MODY2; HK1 deficiency: haemolytic anaemia

What it does, reaction by reaction

2 reactions

Fructose Metabolism (Fructolysis) Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol

step 5 Irreversible/directional

Alternative extrahepatic entry: fructose + ATP → fructose-6-phosphate + ADP

Converts Fructose ATP into Fructose-6-phosphate ADP

› Notes

Hexokinase can phosphorylate fructose at carbon 6 using ATP and Mg2+, yielding fructose-6-phosphate for entry upstream of PFK-1. This route is generally minor because hexokinase preferentially phosphorylates glucose and because liver fructokinase efficiently clears portal fructose.

Glycogenesis (Glycogen Synthesis) Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol (glycogen particle)

step 1 Irreversible

Glucose + ATP → glucose-6-phosphate + ADP

Converts Glucose ATP into Glucose-6-phosphate ADP

› Notes

Hexokinase in muscle and most tissues or glucokinase in liver phosphorylates glucose using ATP and Mg2+. This irreversible trapping step channels glucose toward intracellular metabolism, including glycogen synthesis.

Showing all 2 reactions.

What accelerates and inhibits it

Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately

1 entries

Anaerobic Glycolysis / Lactic Acid Fermentation

Listed there as: Hexokinase / glucokinase

Accelerated by

Hexokinase: glucose availability; glucokinase: high portal glucose and glucokinase regulatory protein release

Inhibited by

Hexokinase: glucose-6-phosphate; glucokinase: sequestration by glucokinase regulatory protein in low glucose/fructose-6-phosphate conditions

Hormonal control

Insulin induces hepatic glucokinase expression; glucagon decreases its expression in fasting

Recent literature

Refresh

Europe PMC · fetched just now · sorted by publication date

  1. 1
    Dual Modulation of Lipid Metabolism by Adzuki Bean (<i>Vigna angularis</i>) Saponins Involving PPARα/γ Signaling and Gut Microbiota Remodeling in Obesogenic Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

    Guo Q, Luo J, Zhang X, Zhang H, Chen M, Liu M, Yin Z, Zhang J, Yang B, Wang L, Xu B, Chen L. · 2026-09-16

    open access unreviewed
  2. 2
    Intestinal Fucosylation: A Key Regulatory Hub in Homeostasis and Disease Pathogenesis.

    Xu Z, Song D, Hu F, Liang Q, Zhang M, Lei C, Li J, Guo H, Deng Z, Yang Z. · 2026-08-24

    open access unreviewed
  3. 3
    From Plant Chemistry to Reproducible Antidiabetic Products: A Critical Review of Molecular Targets, Clinical Evidence, and Translational Gaps.

    Floriana Vasilica PD, Trasca DM, Kamal AM, Varut RM, Cîrțînă D, Popa R, Dorin PI, Rodica D, Stoica M, Teodora… · 2026-08-26

    open access unreviewed
  4. 4
    Endogenous neuroprotection in vascular cognitive impairment and dementia.

    Li C, Tambo W, Powell K, Giliberto L, Sciubba D. · 2026-06-30

    open access unreviewed
  5. 5
    A Review of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>'s Phytochemical Profile, Health Benefits, and Applications in Agri-Food Systems.

    Chen J, Hu Z, Chen S, Yao Y, Wang X, Zou W, Shao X. · 2026-05-07

    cited 1× open access unreviewed
  6. 6
    Glucosamine links hyperglycemia to mTORC1 activation and glucose toxicity in diabetes.

    Riahi Y, Kogot-Levin A, Teselpapa Z, Zemelman E, Gamal F, Cohen T, Nasereddin A, Shiff I, Abramovich I, Agran… · 2026-05-22

    open access unreviewed
  7. 7
    The HepG2 Cell Line as a Model for Studying Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.

    Kotlyarova A, Iskrina A, Kotlyarov S. · 2026-04-10

    cited 4× open access unreviewed
  8. 8
    Targeting Glycolytic Metabolism in Cancer Therapy: Current Approaches and Future Perspectives.

    Li S, Gong J, Kang B, Wang Z, Ma Y, Xia X, Yan H. · 2026-02-18

    cited 16× open access unreviewed
  9. 9
    In silico interactome analysis reveals distinct and complementary metabolic roles of bacteria in stingless bee larval food.

    de Avila NB, Costa Santos AC, Correa JL, Bonetti AM, Ueira-Vieira C, Dos Santos AR. · 2026-01-08

    open access unreviewed
  10. 10
    Phytochemistry, Bioactivity, and Toxicological Duality of <i>Oxytropis glabra</i> DC: A Review.

    Raganina K, Amirkhanova A, Akhelova S, Berdgaleyeva A, Amantayeva M, Kartbayeva E, Kaldybayeva A, Nurlybayev … · 2025-12-22

    open access unreviewed

External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.