unreviewed

Hexokinase / Glucokinase

2 reactions · 2 pathways

Cofactors used

ATP Mg2+ · Magnesium

Clinical / pharmacological. GCK mutations: MODY2; HK1 deficiency: haemolytic anaemia

What it does, reaction by reaction

2 reactions

Fructose Metabolism (Fructolysis) Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol

step 5 Irreversible/directional

Alternative extrahepatic entry: fructose + ATP → fructose-6-phosphate + ADP

Converts Fructose ATP into Fructose-6-phosphate ADP

› Notes

Hexokinase can phosphorylate fructose at carbon 6 using ATP and Mg2+, yielding fructose-6-phosphate for entry upstream of PFK-1. This route is generally minor because hexokinase preferentially phosphorylates glucose and because liver fructokinase efficiently clears portal fructose.

Glycogenesis (Glycogen Synthesis) Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol (glycogen particle)

step 1 Irreversible

Glucose + ATP → glucose-6-phosphate + ADP

Converts Glucose ATP into Glucose-6-phosphate ADP

› Notes

Hexokinase in muscle and most tissues or glucokinase in liver phosphorylates glucose using ATP and Mg2+. This irreversible trapping step channels glucose toward intracellular metabolism, including glycogen synthesis.

Showing all 2 reactions.

What accelerates and inhibits it

Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately

1 entries

Anaerobic Glycolysis / Lactic Acid Fermentation

Listed there as: Hexokinase / glucokinase

Accelerated by

Hexokinase: glucose availability; glucokinase: high portal glucose and glucokinase regulatory protein release

Inhibited by

Hexokinase: glucose-6-phosphate; glucokinase: sequestration by glucokinase regulatory protein in low glucose/fructose-6-phosphate conditions

Hormonal control

Insulin induces hepatic glucokinase expression; glucagon decreases its expression in fasting

Recent literature

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