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rate-limiting unreviewed

Glycogen synthase

1 reactions · 1 pathways

Clinical / pharmacological. GSD 0: low glycogen, fasting ketotic hypoglycaemia

What it does, reaction by reaction

1 reactions

Glycogenesis (Glycogen Synthesis) Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol (glycogen particle)

step 5 Irreversible/directional rate-limiting

UDP-glucose + glycogen(n) → glycogen(n+1) + UDP

Converts UDP-glucose Glycogen into Glycogen(n+1) UDP

› Notes

Glycogen synthase transfers glucose from UDP-glucose to a nonreducing end, forming an alpha(1→4) glycosidic bond. This is the principal rate-limiting and committed elongation step; it requires a pre-existing primer and is activated allosterically by glucose-6-phosphate.

Showing all 1 reactions.

What accelerates and inhibits it

Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately

1 entries

Glycogenesis (Glycogen Synthesis)

Accelerated by

Glucose-6-phosphate; dephosphorylation

Inhibited by

Phosphorylation by protein kinase A, glycogen synthase kinase 3, and other kinases

Hormonal control

Insulin activates protein phosphatase 1 and inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3, promoting dephosphorylation/activation; glucagon in liver and epinephrine inhibit through cAMP/protein kinase A

Recent literature

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Europe PMC · from cache · sorted by publication date

  1. 1
    Methylophiopogonanone A mitigates myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: involvement of VEGFR2-associated PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling and suppression of mPTP opening.

    Yang M, Deng H, Zhu Q, Qiu W, Zhang Y, Hua J. · 2026-07-22

    unreviewed
  2. 2
    Identification and profiling of HLA-A*02:01-restricted <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> peptides through immunopeptidomics in HLA-A2.1 transgenic mice.

    Liang R, Luo X, Xia W, Gu H, Li D, Gao Y, Zuo Z, Gao F, Ding J, Tang X, Li Z. · 2026-07-05

    unreviewed
  3. 3
    Inotodiol ameliorates oxidative stress and apoptosis by regulating PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathways in diabetic nephropathy.

    Tian L, Zhang S, Ye Z, Qing J, Wu F, Wang Q, Li R, Li Y, Duan Q. · 2026-06-29

    unreviewed
  4. 4
    Research progress of ferroptosis in gynecological diseases.

    Chen W, Zhou W, Liu S. · 2026-06-19

    open access unreviewed
  5. 5
    Enhanced lactose utilization from milk enriched in Uridine-5'-monophosphate drives hepatic energy storage in young mammals.

    Gao LM, Liu L, Yang XD, Long CM, Wu X. · 2026-06-01

    open access unreviewed
  6. 6
    Crosstalk between circRNAs and the classic signaling pathways in IBD.

    Jie M, Liao Q, Liu C. · 2026-06-15

    open access unreviewed
  7. 7
    Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2): balancing cellular homeostasis and Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis.

    Aolymat I, Abu-Hassan DW, Oleimat AK, Sameer W, Wreikat B, Iqilan T, Al-Momani H, Ali H, Tahtamouni L, Iqsair… · 2026-06-03

    open access unreviewed
  8. 8
    Targeting the BMX in cancer: molecular mechanisms and emerging therapeutic strategies.

    Zhang M, Chen J, Liang R, Jiang W, Lin M, Wen S, Liu D, Yi B, Chen R, Chen T, Li Z. · 2026-05-29

    open access unreviewed
  9. 9
    Research progress on the role of host factors in Chikungunya virus infection and intervention strategies.

    Chen Y, Zhang K, Qi Z, Ding C. · 2026-05-27

    open access unreviewed
  10. 10
    A review of the sirtuins family: pivotal regulators and emerging therapeutic targets in renal fibrosis.

    Deng Q, Li C, Luo J, Yin M, Qian S, Li L. · 2026-05-14

    open access unreviewed

External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.