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rate-limiting unreviewed

Glycogen phosphorylase

1 reactions · 1 pathways

Cofactors used

Pi PLP (B6) · B6 (Pyridoxine)

Clinical / pharmacological. McArdle disease (GSD V, muscle); Hers disease (GSD VI, liver)

What it does, reaction by reaction

1 reactions

Glycogenolysis (Glycogen Breakdown) Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol + ER (liver)

step 1 Irreversible/directional rate-limiting

Glycogen(n) + Pi → glycogen(n−1) + glucose-1-phosphate

Converts Glycogen(n) Pi into Glycogen(n-1) Glucose-1-phosphate

› Notes

Glycogen phosphorylase uses inorganic phosphate (Pi) and the cofactor pyridoxal phosphate (PLP; vitamin B6) to phosphorolyze successive alpha(1→4) bonds at nonreducing ends. It stops four residues before an alpha(1→6) branch (a limit dextrin); this is the principal rate-limiting step and conserves the bond energy in glucose-1-phosphate rather than using ATP.

Showing all 1 reactions.

What accelerates and inhibits it

Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately

1 entries

Glycogenolysis (Glycogen Breakdown)

Accelerated by

Phosphorylation by phosphorylase kinase; AMP in muscle; Ca2+ indirectly through calmodulin on phosphorylase kinase

Inhibited by

ATP and glucose-6-phosphate in muscle; glucose in liver promotes inactivation

Hormonal control

Glucagon activates liver phosphorylase through cAMP/protein kinase A; epinephrine activates liver and muscle pathways; insulin promotes dephosphorylation/inactivation

Recent literature

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Europe PMC · fetched just now · sorted by publication date

  1. 1
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    open access unreviewed
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    Thomas JE, Lurgi M, Davies CE, Rowley AF, Coates CJ. · 2026-08-19

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    Acute and chronic toxicity of potassium bromate (KBrO₃) in zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>): Behavioural and hepatic effects.

    Reddy SR, Bangeppagari M, Kamarthy P. · 2026-06-28

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    Xu Z, Shi F, Han J, Zhou L, Yang H. · 2026-06-29

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    Hewawansa UHAJ, Henningsen K, Vilela Silva Daniel N, In S, Sugay G, Houghton MJ, Barber E, Williamson G, Cost… · 2026-06-18

    open access unreviewed
  6. 6
    Carbohydrate supplementation for endurance exercise in the heat: a systematic review with practical recommendations.

    Salame A, Brown D, Oueijan K, McCullough D. · 2026-05-09

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  7. 7
    The putative role of the microbiota in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders following early childhood malnutrition.

    Jama Y, Khan W, Collins SM. · 2026-03-17

    cited 1× open access unreviewed
  8. 8
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    Li L, Yao M, Meng J, Zhong Z, Nan N, Kazemi AH, Guo J, Liu C, Jiang Y. · 2026-03-05

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  9. 9
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    Zhang S, Zhou Y, Zha Y, Yang Y, Wang L, Li J, Jin W. · 2026-09-11

    open access unreviewed
  10. 10
    Ingenane diterpenoids with anti-inflammatory activity from the whole plants of Euphorbia peplus.

    Liu Y, Xu Y, Sun D, Ren L, Huang S, Chen L, Li H. · 2026-07-02

    cited 1× unreviewed

External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.