Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Cofactors used
What it does, reaction by reaction
Gluconeogenesis Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol + mitochondrion + ER
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H+ → glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + Pi + NAD+
Converts 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate NADH H+ into Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Pi NAD+
› Notes
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase uses NADH and is the reverse of glycolytic step 6. It occurs twice per glucose; the required cytosolic NADH may derive from lactate oxidation or from the malate shuttle.
Glycolysis Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + inorganic phosphate + NAD+ → 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H+
Converts Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Pi NAD+ into 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate NADH H+
› Notes
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase oxidizes the aldehyde and captures the energy in an acyl-phosphate bond; it requires NAD+ and free inorganic phosphate (Pi). The reaction is reversible. Because it occurs twice per glucose, it generates two cytosolic NADH.
Anaerobic Glycolysis / Lactic Acid Fermentation Energy Metabolism & Cellular Respiration · Cytosol
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + Pi + NAD+ ⇌ 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H+
Converts Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Pi NAD+ into 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate NADH H+
› Notes
Required cofactors/substrates: NAD+ and inorganic phosphate; the enzyme uses an active-site cysteine. This reversible redox step creates the cytosolic NADH that must be reoxidized by lactate dehydrogenase under anaerobic conditions.
Showing all 3 reactions.
What accelerates and inhibits it
Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately
No regulation recorded for this enzyme in the source documents.
Recent literature
Europe PMC · fetched just now · sorted by publication date
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1
Ribosome engineering enhances genetic code expansion in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>.
Chen X, Shen W, Chen X, Zhang F, Yang B, Yue Z, Zhao G. · 2026-08-29
open access unreviewed -
2
Strategy for enhanced production of A40926B0 in <i>Nonomuraea gerenzanensis</i> using an efficient CRISPR/AsCas12f1 system.
Wang X, Zhai H, Gu D, Wang Y, Gao J, Du L, Zhuo L, Li X, Wang Y. · 2026-08-24
open access unreviewed -
3
Aptamer-functionalized EGCG nanocarrier for neutrophil-targeted AKBA delivery promotes anxiety-related fracture healing.
Ouyang L, Zhang Y, Liao J, Zhang Z, He X, Lin Z, Tao R, Xie X, Al-Smadi F, Zhou W, Xue H, Hu Y, Yang D, Liu G. · 2026-09-24
open access unreviewed -
4
An orthogonal transcription system enables high-efficiency rescue of measles virus-based vaccine vectors against multiple pathogens.
Ma Z, Wang W, Lou Q, Jiang H, Xiang Y, Zhang W, Tian X, Fan Y, Yin W, Lou C. · 2026-08-03
open access unreviewed -
5
Deciphering the role of <i>DOT1L</i> germline pathogenic variants in familial serrated polyposis syndrome.
Llargués-Sistac G, Keshmiri YS, Boluda-Luis I, Muñoz J, Ocaña T, Aretz S, Rodríguez-Alcalde D, DOT1L germline… · 2026-05-12
open access unreviewed -
6
Ultrasound-responsive nanotherapy promotes axonal regeneration after SCI via reactivating CREB/miR-129-5p signaling.
Gu G, Zhu H, Li S, Zhang Z, Kao Y, Zhang R, Fu R, Han X, Yang Y, Liu H, Liu Q, Gao B, Feng S, Kong X. · 2026-09-22
open access unreviewed -
7
Engineered probiotics couple photothermal cuproptosis with biomechanical disruption and immune activation.
Zhang X, Liu X, Huang K, Jin B, Ma N, Liu H, Jiang H, Wang X. · 2026-09-21
open access unreviewed -
8
A self-crosslinkable, adhesive intestine-derived extracellular matrix hydrogel enhances organoid retention and restores intestinal barrier integrity.
Kim YS, Han SY, An S, Lee MJ, Oh TG, Kim HJ, Son MY, Cho SW. · 2026-09-15
open access unreviewed -
9
Immuno-resolving nitric oxide-generating stents for coordinated vascular healing.
Du Z, Yang M, Huang Y, Ma Q, Mou X, Zhang W, Wang Y, Zhu J, Yang Z. · 2026-09-15
open access unreviewed -
10
A transferrin receptor-targeted liposome for iron metabolism regulation-augmented photodynamic therapy in glioblastoma.
Wen R, He G, Wan Y, Guo X, Xiong S, Wu Y, Wei Y, Li D, Lin J, Huang P. · 2026-09-16
open access unreviewed
External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.