Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Cofactors used
What it does, reaction by reaction
Gluconeogenesis Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol + mitochondrion + ER
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H+ → glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + Pi + NAD+
Converts 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate NADH H+ into Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Pi NAD+
› Notes
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase uses NADH and is the reverse of glycolytic step 6. It occurs twice per glucose; the required cytosolic NADH may derive from lactate oxidation or from the malate shuttle.
Glycolysis Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + inorganic phosphate + NAD+ → 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H+
Converts Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Pi NAD+ into 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate NADH H+
› Notes
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase oxidizes the aldehyde and captures the energy in an acyl-phosphate bond; it requires NAD+ and free inorganic phosphate (Pi). The reaction is reversible. Because it occurs twice per glucose, it generates two cytosolic NADH.
Anaerobic Glycolysis / Lactic Acid Fermentation Energy Metabolism & Cellular Respiration · Cytosol
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + Pi + NAD+ ⇌ 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H+
Converts Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Pi NAD+ into 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate NADH H+
› Notes
Required cofactors/substrates: NAD+ and inorganic phosphate; the enzyme uses an active-site cysteine. This reversible redox step creates the cytosolic NADH that must be reoxidized by lactate dehydrogenase under anaerobic conditions.
Showing all 3 reactions.
What accelerates and inhibits it
Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately
No regulation recorded for this enzyme in the source documents.
Recent literature
Europe PMC · from cache · sorted by publication date
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1
Efficiency of nanovaccines compared with antibiotic therapy in the prevention and immunomodulation of listeriosis.
Alvarez-Dominguez C, Calderón-Gonzalez R, Salcines-Cuevas D, Soriano V, Ubeda M, Montoya N, Calvo-Montes J, M… · 2026-07-24
unreviewed -
2
Dandelion exosome-like nanovesicles alleviate sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via SLC7A11-regulated ferroptosis.
Zhang P, Cao F, Xu L, Liu X. · 2026-06-23
open access unreviewed -
3
Spatiotemporal dynamics of renal distal convoluted tubule dilatation and cyst formation in nephronophthisis type 1 mice.
Zhang W, Xu G, Su X, Lai J, Xue Z, Li T, Huang H, Li R, Sun L, Li Y. · 2026-06-23
open access unreviewed -
4
SM03, a non-depleting anti-CD22 antibody, modulates B cell activation and immune crosstalk to attenuate autoimmunity.
Wong KL, Cheng LH, Chung CL, Ng PL, Nawabjan SA, Sethuraman MIG, Luk KK, Tsoi WT, Chow BKC, Leung SO. · 2026-06-10
open access unreviewed -
5
Long-term expandable auricular chondrocytes reveal a conserved nine-gene decline module underlying senescence-independent dedifferentiation.
Alemujiang D, Tsuji N, Sakamoto T, Chu YY, Hoshi K, Hikita A. · 2026-06-13
open access unreviewed -
6
<i>De novo</i> production of (-)-limonene, (-)-carveol and (-)-carvone via engineering <i>Rhodotorula toruloides</i>.
Dong Y, Cui S, Du B, Zhang X, Hou J, Lin X, Qin Y, Wang X, Yang X. · 2026-06-13
open access unreviewed -
7
Inhibition of Aryl hydrocarbon receptor Interleukin-22 signaling and worsening of intestinal inflammation by <i>Sutterella</i> species.
Dupraz L, Orianne G, Da Costa G, Gauthier R, Blondeau A, Boinet M, Farfar A, Creusot L, Magniez A, Dubois L, … · 2026-06-21
open access unreviewed -
8
ADAR1-circRAB5A-BIP axis governs radiotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer through coordinating protective autophagy and apoptosis.
Chen W, Zhang X, Zhao Z, Xin W, Li J, Che X. · 2026-06-21
open access unreviewed -
9
The RNA binding protein ZFP36L2 displays tissue-selective mRNA targeting in mice.
Stephenson GS, Fleifel D, Cook JG, Laederach A, Ramos SBV. · 2026-06-21
open access unreviewed -
10
Tumor-educated macrophages promote cytokine-driven lung colonization in triple-negative breast cancer.
Rosado-Sanz M, Martínez-Alarcón N, Meel MH, Rius-Perez S, Tolboom ZJ, Salvador-Coloma C, Burgos-Panadero R, C… · 2026-06-19
open access unreviewed
External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.