Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Cofactors used
What it does, reaction by reaction
Gluconeogenesis Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol + mitochondrion + ER
1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H+ → glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + Pi + NAD+
Converts 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate NADH H+ into Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Pi NAD+
› Notes
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase uses NADH and is the reverse of glycolytic step 6. It occurs twice per glucose; the required cytosolic NADH may derive from lactate oxidation or from the malate shuttle.
Glycolysis Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + inorganic phosphate + NAD+ → 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H+
Converts Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Pi NAD+ into 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate NADH H+
› Notes
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase oxidizes the aldehyde and captures the energy in an acyl-phosphate bond; it requires NAD+ and free inorganic phosphate (Pi). The reaction is reversible. Because it occurs twice per glucose, it generates two cytosolic NADH.
Anaerobic Glycolysis / Lactic Acid Fermentation Energy Metabolism & Cellular Respiration · Cytosol
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate + Pi + NAD+ ⇌ 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate + NADH + H+
Converts Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Pi NAD+ into 1,3-Bisphosphoglycerate NADH H+
› Notes
Required cofactors/substrates: NAD+ and inorganic phosphate; the enzyme uses an active-site cysteine. This reversible redox step creates the cytosolic NADH that must be reoxidized by lactate dehydrogenase under anaerobic conditions.
Showing all 3 reactions.
What accelerates and inhibits it
Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately
No regulation recorded for this enzyme in the source documents.
Recent literature
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