Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3)
Cofactors used
What it does, reaction by reaction
Pyruvate Oxidation / Link Reaction (Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex) Carbohydrate Metabolism · Mitochondrial matrix
Dihydrolipoamide + FAD → oxidized lipoamide + FADH2
Converts Dihydrolipoamide FAD into Oxidized lipoamide FADH2
› Notes
The E3 component, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, reoxidizes reduced lipoamide using its tightly bound FAD prosthetic group. This reaction restores the oxidized lipoyl arm required for another catalytic cycle.
FADH2 + NAD+ → FAD + NADH + H+
Converts FADH2 NAD+ into FAD NADH H+
› Notes
E3 transfers reducing equivalents from FADH2 to NAD+, generating NADH. Together, the E1–E3 sequence constitutes PDC catalysis; the complex is the regulated, effectively rate-controlling entry point of pyruvate carbon into acetyl-CoA.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (Link Reaction, connecting glycolysis to the TCA cycle) Energy Metabolism & Cellular Respiration · Mitochondrial matrix
Dihydrolipoamide-E2 + FAD → oxidized lipoamide-E2 + FADH2
Converts Dihydrolipoamide-E2 FAD into Oxidized lipoamide-E2 FADH2
› Notes
Required prosthetic group: tightly bound FAD; electrons are transferred from dihydrolipoamide to FAD.
FADH2 + NAD+ → FAD + NADH + H+
Converts FADH2 NAD+ into FAD NADH H+
› Notes
Required cofactor: NAD+. The summed PDC reaction is: pyruvate + CoA-SH + NAD+ → acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+. It is irreversible and is a major regulatory/committed step for oxidative disposal of pyruvate.
Showing all 4 reactions.
What accelerates and inhibits it
Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately
No regulation recorded for this enzyme in the source documents.
Recent literature
Europe PMC · from cache · sorted by publication date
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1
FTL008.16, a 5T4-Conditional 4-1BB bispecific antibody, potently enhances antitumor immunity via tumor-directed t-cell activation.
Liu S, Ren Z, Tu Y, Chen P, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Chen X, Deng H, Yang S, Qu F, Zhang M, Gou L, Li Q, Huang Y, Ma … · 2026-06-10
open access unreviewed -
2
Therapeutic potential of the sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor opaganib.
Huang F, Zhan P, Shi X, Sun Y, Song X, Sun P, Liu B. · 2026-05-22
open access unreviewed -
3
High-resolution nuclear cell biology by cryo-electron tomography.
Kechagia Z, Medalia O. · 2026-06-01
open access unreviewed -
4
Suppression of LncRNA AC008406.3 sensitizes breast cancer cells to docetaxel via triggering cuproptosis.
Liu C, Liu S, Lu Z, Cao X, Tong X, Sun I, Hao J, Zhang L. · 2026-05-26
open access unreviewed -
5
Impact of leucine-rich diet on placenta's proteomic and metabolomic profiles of pregnant tumor-bearing rats.
Dos Santos IF, Salgado CM, Carregari VC, Dos Santos RW, de Souza DM, Viana LR, Gomes-Marcondes MCC. · 2026-05-14
open access unreviewed -
6
Cuproptosis in spinal cord injury: emerging mechanisms and immunological relevance.
Li LH, Zhang JQ, Ying XH, Huang Y, Xu CC, Wang XX, He KL, Ma RJ. · 2026-03-25
open access unreviewed -
7
Rapid and selective characterization of antibody-drug conjugates in complex sample matrices by native affinity liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Kristensen DB, Eskesen NS, Coll-Satue C, Nicolas A, Kirkeby Simonsen J, Rasmussen L, Sloth TM, Ørgaard M, Mad… · 2026-01-18
cited 2× open access unreviewed -
8
An AI-integrated organoid platform enables high-throughput functional evaluation of bioactive metal ions.
Shao Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Xu J, Li P, Zhao J, Du X, Liu X, Xu S, Wang L, Fan Z, Yang Y, Guo Y, Chen K, Wang C, … · 2026-06-13
open access unreviewed -
9
Uptake and Evaluation of a Crosslinguistic Nonword Repetition Test in Clinical and Research Contexts.
Polišenská K, Chiat S. · 2026-09-01
unreviewed -
10
Early Screening for Developmental Language Disorder: Predictive Validity of German Parent Reports.
Pinstock E, Schramm SA. · 2026-09-01
unreviewed
External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.