Dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (E3)
Cofactors used
What it does, reaction by reaction
Pyruvate Oxidation / Link Reaction (Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex) Carbohydrate Metabolism · Mitochondrial matrix
Dihydrolipoamide + FAD → oxidized lipoamide + FADH2
Converts Dihydrolipoamide FAD into Oxidized lipoamide FADH2
› Notes
The E3 component, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, reoxidizes reduced lipoamide using its tightly bound FAD prosthetic group. This reaction restores the oxidized lipoyl arm required for another catalytic cycle.
FADH2 + NAD+ → FAD + NADH + H+
Converts FADH2 NAD+ into FAD NADH H+
› Notes
E3 transfers reducing equivalents from FADH2 to NAD+, generating NADH. Together, the E1–E3 sequence constitutes PDC catalysis; the complex is the regulated, effectively rate-controlling entry point of pyruvate carbon into acetyl-CoA.
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (Link Reaction, connecting glycolysis to the TCA cycle) Energy Metabolism & Cellular Respiration · Mitochondrial matrix
Dihydrolipoamide-E2 + FAD → oxidized lipoamide-E2 + FADH2
Converts Dihydrolipoamide-E2 FAD into Oxidized lipoamide-E2 FADH2
› Notes
Required prosthetic group: tightly bound FAD; electrons are transferred from dihydrolipoamide to FAD.
FADH2 + NAD+ → FAD + NADH + H+
Converts FADH2 NAD+ into FAD NADH H+
› Notes
Required cofactor: NAD+. The summed PDC reaction is: pyruvate + CoA-SH + NAD+ → acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH + H+. It is irreversible and is a major regulatory/committed step for oxidative disposal of pyruvate.
Showing all 4 reactions.
What accelerates and inhibits it
Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately
No regulation recorded for this enzyme in the source documents.
Recent literature
Europe PMC · fetched just now · sorted by publication date
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1
VCP at the crossroads of UPS and autophagy in cancer.
Hitchman CJ, Phillips JI, Park HW, Lu H. · 2026-05-28
open access unreviewed -
2
Metabolic reprogramming in colorectal cancer: Mechanisms and therapeutic insights.
Xiao W, Tan D, Zeng W, Nie X, Wang M. · 2026-01-28
open access unreviewed -
3
Metabolic engineering of <i>Escherichia coli</i> based on adaptive evolution and omics technology for highly efficient l-valine production under oxygen-limited conditions.
Zhang H, Ha Z, Wei A, Zhao C, Meng G, Li X, Wu F, Liu J, Wu H, Ma Q, Xie X. · 2026-06-18
open access unreviewed -
4
Proteomics of heterogeneous megakaryocytes identifies JI051 as an enhancer of platelet biogenesis.
Taga R, Kuwano N, Harada Y, Hayashi T, Sakamoto Y, Fujio K, Kakumoto Y, Nakamura E, Eto K, Hayashi H. · 2026-09-23
open access unreviewed -
5
Hepatocyte SLC31A1-dependent copper accumulation contributes to hepatic glucose and lipid metabolic disturbances through AMPKα1 inactivation.
Cheng YQ, Wei M, Yang L, Zhuang YY, Lu QB. · 2026-09-11
open access unreviewed -
6
Recent progress in small molecules targeting the acidic tumor microenvironment.
Fu Y, Song J, Yu C, Guo Y, Tang B, Yang G, Zheng Y, Wang Q. · 2026-08-04
open access unreviewed -
7
An event-related potentials account of brain predictive coding.
Gómez CM, Arjona A, Ruíz-Martínez FJ, Muñoz-Caracuel M, Muñoz V, Rodriguez-Martinez EI. · 2026-06-30
open access unreviewed -
8
FTL008.16, a 5T4-Conditional 4-1BB bispecific antibody, potently enhances antitumor immunity via tumor-directed t-cell activation.
Liu S, Ren Z, Tu Y, Chen P, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Chen X, Deng H, Yang S, Qu F, Zhang M, Gou L, Li Q, Huang Y, Ma … · 2026-06-10
open access unreviewed -
9
Therapeutic potential of the sphingosine kinase 2 inhibitor opaganib.
Huang F, Zhan P, Shi X, Sun Y, Song X, Sun P, Liu B. · 2026-05-22
open access unreviewed -
10
High-resolution nuclear cell biology by cryo-electron tomography.
Kechagia Z, Medalia O. · 2026-06-01
cited 2× open access unreviewed
External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.