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unreviewed

UDP-galactose 4-epimerase (GALE)

1 reactions · 1 pathways

Cofactors used

NAD+ · B3 (Niacin)

What it does, reaction by reaction

1 reactions

Galactose Metabolism Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol

step 5 Reversible

UDP-galactose ↔ UDP-glucose

Converts UDP-galactose into UDP-glucose

› Notes

UDP-galactose 4-epimerase (GALE) requires tightly bound NAD+ as a catalytic cofactor and reversibly epimerizes carbon 4. It regenerates UDP-glucose for step 4 and also supports UDP-galactose production for glycosylation reactions.

Showing all 1 reactions.

What accelerates and inhibits it

Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately

1 entries

Galactose Metabolism

Listed there as: UDP-galactose 4-epimerase

Accelerated by

UDP-galactose/UDP-glucose demand

Inhibited by

Severe NAD+ cofactor or enzyme deficiency

Hormonal control

No dominant acute hormonal control; flux reflects glycosylation and galactose load

Recent literature

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Europe PMC · fetched just now · sorted by publication date

  1. 1
    A Synergistic Inhibitor Development Strategy Against Human UDP-Galactose-4-Epimerase.

    Browne WM, Pettinger J, Weckwerth T, Purkiss A, Lok SH, Penicaut L, Ogrodowicz R, Prema R, Kunzelmann S, Rous… · 2026-04-20

    cited 1× open access unreviewed
  2. 2
    Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Methods for Systematic Identification and Quantification of Protein O-Glycosylation in Complex Biological Samples.

    Fu L, Xu X, Wu R. · 2026-04-03

    open access unreviewed
  3. 3
    Immunological Manifestations in GALE Deficiency: Extending the Spectrum Beyond Thrombocytopenia and Galactosemia.

    Kristal E, Khalaila A, Asleh M, Quider AA, Eshel YD, Mahdi NE, Hadad N, Almashanu S, Miskin H, Staretz-Chacha… · 2026-04-16

    open access unreviewed
  4. 4
    GlycoRNA research: from unknown unknowns to known unknowns.

    Yi L, Zhou Y, Zhang C, Lu H, Xie Y. · 2026-02-01

    cited 6× open access unreviewed
  5. 5
    Integrated transcriptome analysis of jejunum and liver to identify key genes and pathways associated with body weight in chickens.

    Abdel-Kafy EM, Elfiky AM, Ali NI, Abdelfatah MH, Abdel-Mageed EM, Behiry FM, Yasmein Z Abdel-Ghafar, Abdel-Gh… · 2026-01-27

    open access unreviewed
  6. 6
    Integrative multi-omics analysis reveals gut-skin axis mechanisms and novel therapeutic target <i>GALE</i> in atopic dermatitis.

    Cao F, Liu A, Tong J, Guo C, Zhang H, Pang Y, Tang K, Yu Q, Guo J. · 2025-12-05

    open access unreviewed
  7. 7
    UDP-galactose limitation impairs efficient Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol production in Escherichia coli expression strains.

    Hałys Ł, Gabruk M. · 2025-12-09

    unreviewed
  8. 8
    Structural characterisation of nucleotide sugar short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases from the thermophilic pseudomurein-containing methanogen Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus ΔH.

    Carbone V, Schofield LR, Edwards PJB, Sutherland-Smith AJ, Ronimus RS. · 2025-09-03

    cited 1× open access unreviewed
  9. 9
    Reversal of the Leloir pathway to promote galactose and tagatose synthesis from glucose.

    Love AM, Toomey CG, Kumar A, Kashyap SN, Santhamoorthy DK, Muthuraj L, Lynch HL, Ajikumar PK, Pravin KR, Nair… · 2025-12-01

    open access unreviewed
  10. 10
    Viral Dark Matter: Illuminating Protein Function, Ecology, and Biotechnological Promises.

    Kosmopoulos JC, Anantharaman K. · 2025-11-20

    cited 14× open access unreviewed

External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.