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unreviewed

UDP-galactose 4-epimerase (GALE)

1 reactions · 1 pathways

Cofactors used

NAD+ · B3 (Niacin)

What it does, reaction by reaction

1 reactions

Galactose Metabolism Carbohydrate Metabolism · Cytosol

step 5 Reversible

UDP-galactose ↔ UDP-glucose

Converts UDP-galactose into UDP-glucose

› Notes

UDP-galactose 4-epimerase (GALE) requires tightly bound NAD+ as a catalytic cofactor and reversibly epimerizes carbon 4. It regenerates UDP-glucose for step 4 and also supports UDP-galactose production for glycosylation reactions.

Showing all 1 reactions.

What accelerates and inhibits it

Regulation is pathway-specific, so each context is listed separately

1 entries

Galactose Metabolism

Listed there as: UDP-galactose 4-epimerase

Accelerated by

UDP-galactose/UDP-glucose demand

Inhibited by

Severe NAD+ cofactor or enzyme deficiency

Hormonal control

No dominant acute hormonal control; flux reflects glycosylation and galactose load

Recent literature

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Europe PMC · fetched just now · sorted by publication date

  1. 1
    Design rules for bioorthogonal glycan-based tools.

    Hoddle F, Schmidt SD, Sridhar S, Schumann B. · 2026-10-01

    open access unreviewed
  2. 2
    Prenatal consequences of GALT deficiency in a rat model of classic galactosemia.

    Rasmussen SA, Lemons CM, Seemiller MM, Dallas SR, Ledesma MC, Wu Y, Anshen LE, Farnham A, Garrett OS, Fridovi… · 2026-09-21

    open access unreviewed
  3. 3
    ADAR RNA editing for cardiovascular disease: Targeting <i>B4GALT1</i> to modulate lipid metabolism through reduced galactosyltransferase activity.

    De Chiara F, Coll-de la Rubia E, de Bruijn P, Pletikapić G, Cnubben N, Stevens L, Theunissen E, Turunen JJ, v… · 2026-07-09

    cited 1× open access unreviewed
  4. 4
    Preparation and application of lacto-N-biose synthases immobilized onto amino-modified SiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles.

    Zhang X, Cui Y, Cheng W, Li S, Li T, Huang X. · 2026-08-29

    unreviewed
  5. 5
    Metabolomic Profiling of <i>Endomyces magnusii</i> During Long-Term Cultivation on Glycerol and Glucose.

    Klein OI, Sazanova KV, Isakova EP, Gessler NN, Prosvirin AM, Solovyeva EV, Deryabina YI. · 2026-08-10

    open access unreviewed
  6. 6
    Cross-talk between glycosylation pathways: Mechanistic insights and implications for human diseases.

    Very N, El Yazidi-Belkoura I. · 2026-06-13

    cited 1× open access unreviewed
  7. 7
    Characterization of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> aggregation reveals a requirement for both AlpA and AlpB.

    Solov A, Liu X, Duran-Ramirez Y, Witt C, Ottemann KM. · 2026-06-22

    cited 2× open access unreviewed
  8. 8
    A Synergistic Inhibitor Development Strategy Against Human UDP-Galactose-4-Epimerase.

    Browne WM, Pettinger J, Weckwerth T, Purkiss A, Lok SH, Penicaut L, Ogrodowicz R, Prema R, Kunzelmann S, Rous… · 2026-04-20

    cited 2× open access unreviewed
  9. 9
    Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics Methods for Systematic Identification and Quantification of Protein O-Glycosylation in Complex Biological Samples.

    Fu L, Xu X, Wu R. · 2026-04-03

    open access unreviewed
  10. 10
    Immunological Manifestations in GALE Deficiency: Extending the Spectrum Beyond Thrombocytopenia and Galactosemia.

    Kristal E, Khalaila A, Asleh M, Quider AA, Eshel YD, Mahdi NE, Hadad N, Almashanu S, Miskin H, Staretz-Chacha… · 2026-04-16

    open access unreviewed

External claims. These come from an index outside this database and are not checked against it. Treat them as leads.